Prepared by Mark J. Wetzel, Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Biodiversity, 172 Natural Resources Building, MC-652, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61820. Telephone: (217) 244-2108 (with voicemail); FAX: (217) 333-4949; E-mail: mjwetzel[AT]uiuc.edu

Researchers should send me reprints of their papers to ensure that they are included accurately in future bibliographies. The reprints are greatly appreciated.

This bibliography was originally published (September 1994) by the North American Benthological Society in "Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology - 1993."

Citations for aquatic Annelida will be split into the following groupings for the convenience of researchers: Acanthobdellida, Aphanoneura, Branchiobdellida, Oligochaeta, and Polychaeta. Those papers which list or discuss taxa from more than one of the above groups will be included in each of those groups below. Researchers should send reprints of their papers to me to ensure that they are included accurately in future bibliographies. Please report inaccuracies to me. Suggestions are welcomed. The present format reflects comments received from colleagues.

Most citations are followed by one or more numbers and letters in brackets [ ]. Numbers designate the taxonomic level of annelid identification: 1 = phylum, class, ordinal, or familial level of identification; 2 = generic or specific level of identification; 3 = new description, revision, redescription, or systematic work.

Letters indicate the following: A = Aphanoneura; Ac = Acanthobdellae; B = Branchiobdellae; bib = bibliography; C = cytology; D = description; E = ecology; F = faunistic, or distributional information; G = general; H = Hirudinea; K = key provided; M = methods, such as analysis, collection, or processing information; O = Oligochaeta; P = Polychaeta; Ph = physiology; R = revision; TMS = taxonomy, morphology, and / or systematics; X = toxicology; xO = interesting paper, but oligochaetes not discussed.

A number followed by a hyphen (-) and a letter indicates the level of identification for that letter group, e.g., [2-O] = species level of identification for Oligochaeta; [3-B] = new species, revision, or redescription of Branchiobdellida. Citations followed by an asterisk (*) were downloaded from one or more bibliographic databases but have not been verified for accuracy. Unless otherwise noted, all papers are written in English; many include one or more foreign language abstracts or summaries.

Other bibliographies for Annelida published annually by the North American Benthological Society in "Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology" and available via the World Wide Web can be obtained at the following addresses:

• NABS 1993 Annelida Bibliography (for 1992)

• NABS 1995 Annelida Bibliography (for 1994)

• NABS 1996 Annelida Bibliography (for 1995)

• NABS 1997 Annelida Bibliography (for 1996)

• NABS 1998 Annelida Bibliography (for 1997)

• NABS 1999 Annelida Bibliography (for 1998)

• NABS 2000 Annelida Bibliography (for 1999)

• NABS 2001 Annelida Bibliography (for 2000)

• NABS 2002 Annelida Bibliography (for 2001)

• NABS 2003 Annelida Bibliography (for 2002)

• NABS 2004 Annelida Bibliography (for 2003)

• NABS 2005 Annelida Bibliography (for 2004)

• NABS 2006 Annelida Bibliography (for 2005)

• NABS 2007 Annelida Bibliography (for 2006)

Additional information relating to the study of aquatic Annelida can be obtained via The INHS Center for Annelida Resources. There, you will also find current information on upcoming as well as recently convened conferences, meetings, and symposia focusing on Annelida and other aquatic resources.

Purschke, G.; Westheide, W.; Rohde, D.; Brinkhurst, R. O. 1993. Morphological reinvestigation and phylogenetic relationship of Acanthobdella peledina (Annelida, Clitellata). Zoomorphology 113(2): 91-101. [2,3,C,D,E,F,TMS].*

Sima, P. 1993. Phylogeny and classification of annelids. Pp. 13-25, In: Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [2,F,TMS].

Purschke, G. 1993. Structure of the prostomial appendages and the central nervous system of the Protodrilida (Polychaeta). Zoomorphology 113(1): 1020. [2,C,D,E,F,M,Ph,TMS].*

Purschke, G.; Westheide, W.; Rohde, D.; Brinkhurst, R. O. 1993. Morphological reinvestigation and phylogenetic relationship of Acanthobdella peledina (Annelida, Clitellata). Zoomorphology 113(2): 91-101. [2,3,C,D,E,F,TMS].*

Sima, P. 1993. Phylogeny and classification of annelids. Pp. 13-25, In: Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [2,F,TMS].

Gelder, S. R.; Ferraguti, M.; Subchev, M. A.1994. A description of spermatozoan ultrastructure and some anatomical characters in Branchiobdella kozarovi Subchev, 1978 (Annelida: Clitellata), and review of the spermatozoan morphology within the genus. Hydrobiologia 278: 17-26. [2,3,D,Ph,TMS].

Purschke, G. 1993. Structure of the prostomial appendages and the central nervous system of the Protodrilida (Polychaeta). Zoomorphology 113(1): 1020. [2,C,D,E,F,M,Ph,TMS].*

Purschke, G.; Westheide, W.; Rohde, D.; Brinkhurst, R. O. 1993. Morphological reinvestigation and phylogenetic relationship of Acanthobdella peledina (Annelida, Clitellata). Zoomorphology 113(2): 91-101. [2,3,C,D,E,F,TMS].*

Sima, P. 1993. Phylogeny and classification of annelids. Pp. 13-25, In: Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [2,F,TMS].

Valvassori, R.; de Eguileor, M.; Lanzavecchia, G.; Gelder, S. R. 1994. Comparative body wall musculature and muscle fibre ultrastructure in branchiobdellidans (Annelida: Clitellata), and their phylogenetic significance. Hydrobiologia 278: 189-199. [2,C,M,Ph,TMS].

Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [2,C,E,F,M,Ph,TMS].

Ankley, G. T.; Leonard, E. N.; Mattson, V. R. 1994. Prediction of bioaccumulation of metals from contaminated sediments by the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus. Water Research 28(5): 1071-1076. [2,E,F,M,Ph,X].*

Anlauf, A. 1994. Some characteristics of genetic variants of Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) in laboratory cultures. Hydrobiologia 278: 1-6. [2,E,M,Ph].

Armitage, P. D.; Blackburn, J. H.; Winder, J. M.; Wright, J. F. 1994. Impact of vegetation management on macroinvertebrates in chalk streams. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 4(2): 94-104. [1,E,F].

Basmer, E.; Greven, H. 1993. On the ultrastructure of the cerebral ganglion of Enchytraeus buchholzi (Oligochaeta). Zoologischer Anzeiger 231: 5-6. [2,C,M,Ph,TMS].*

Baxxanti, M.; Seminara, M.; Tamorri, C. 1993. Eutrophication in a deep lake: depth distribution of profundal benthic communities as an indicator of environmental status. Verh. internat. verein. Limnol. 25(part 2): 784-789. [2,E,F,M].

Bilej, M. 1993. Cellular defense mechanisms. Pp. 167-200, In: Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [Ph,TMS].

Bilej, M. 1993. Humoral defense mechanisms. Pp. 245-261, In: Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [M,Ph,TMS].

Bonacina, C.; Pasteris, A.; Bonomi, G.; Marzuoli, D.; 1994. Quantitative observations on the population ecology of Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae). Hydrobiologia 278: 267-274. [2,E,F,M,Ph].

Bondi, M.; Ferraguti, M.; Scari, G. 1993. Sperm ultrastructure in Nematogenia panamensis (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Ocnerodrilidae) - a phylogenetic approach. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 23(1): 51-58. [2,C,E,M,TMS].*

Bouguenec, V.; Giani, N. 1993. Life-cycle and biology of Enchytraeus varithecatus Bouguenec and Giani 1987 in breeding cultures. European Journal of Soil Biology 29(2): 43-48. [2,E,M,Ph].

Bunke, D. 1988. Aeolosomatidae and Potamodrilidae. Pp. 345-348, In: Higgins, R. P.; Theil, H. (eds.). Introduction to the study of meiofauna. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. [2,E,F,TMS].

Casellato, S.; Caneva, F. 1994. Composition and distribution of bottom oligochaete fauna of a north Italian eutrophic lake (Lake Ledro). Hydrobiologia 278: 87-92. [2,E,F].

Chalupsky, J. 1993. Diversity of the Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) - a field study. Ecologia - Bratislavia 12(3): 273-276. [2,E,F,TMS].*

Chauvet, E.; Giani, N.; Gessner, M. O. 1993. Breakdown and invertebrate colonization of leaf litter in two contrasting streams - significance of oligochaetes in a large river. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50(3): 488-495. [2,E,F,M,Ph].*

Coates, K. A.; Stacey, D. F. 1993. The marine Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Pages 391-414, In: Wells, F. E.; Walker, D. I.; Kirkman, H.; Lethbridge, R., editors. Proceedings of the Fifth International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine flora and fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Western australian Museum, Perth. 2 volumes, 634 pages. [2,3,D,E,F,TMS].

Coates, K. A.; Stacey, D. F. 1994. Oligochaetes (Naididae, Tubificidae, Enchytraeidae and Alluroididae) of Guyana, Peru and Ecuador. Hydrobiologia 278: 79-84. [2,3,D,E,F,TMS].

Cooper, E. L.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunological profile of annelids: transplantation immunity. Pp. 201-243, In: Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [M,Ph,TMS].

Dall, P. C.; Hamburger, K.; Lindegaard, C. 1993. Short cutting energy budgets of littoral zoobenthos communities. Verh. internat. verein. Limnol. 25(part 1): 567-573. [2,E,F].

de Eguileor, M.; Barberis, D.; Lanzavecchia, G.; Scari, G.; Valvassori, R. 1993. Development of Glossiphonia complanata (Annelida, Hirudinea) and morphogenesis of helical muscle fibers. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 24(3): 179-188. [2,C,Ph,TMS].*

de Eguileor, M.; Lanzavecchia, G.; Valvassori, R. 1994. Ultrastructural and histochemical comparison in two haplotaxids. Hydrobiologia 278: 157-163. [2,C,M,Ph,TMS].

Dejoux, C. 1993. Benthic invertebrates of some saline lakes of the Sud Lipez region, Bolivia. Hydrobiologia 267(1-3): 257-267. [2,E,F].

Diaz, R. J.1994. Response of tidal freshwater macrobenthos to sediment disturbance. Hydrobiologia 278: 201-212. [2,E,F].

Diaz, R. J.; Erséus, C. 1994. Habitat preferences and species associations of shallow-water marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the barrier reef ecosystems off Belize, Central America. Hydrobiologia 278: 93-105. [2,E,F,Ph].

Dolidze, T. M. 1994. Biology of Limnodrilus claparedianus Ratzel (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) in the Tsimlyansk Reservoir. Hydrobiologia 278: 275-279. [2,E,F].

Drewes, C. D.; Fourtner, C. R. 1993. Helical swimming in a freshwater oligochaete. Biological Bulletin 185(1): 1-9. [2,E,F,Ph].*

Dumnicka, E. 1994. Communities of oligochaetes in mountain streams of Poland. Hydrobiologia 278: 107-110. [2,E,F].

Erséus, C. 1988. Oligochaeta. Pp. 349-353, In: Higgins, R. P.; Theil, H. (eds.). Introduction to the study of meiofauna. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. [2,E,F,TMS].

Erséus, C. 1993. A new marine species of Smithsonidrilus (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) from the Florida Keys. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 106(3): 587-590. [2,3,D,E,F,TMS].

Erséus, C. 1993. Taxonomy of Capilloventer (Capilloventridae), a little-known group of aquatic Oligochaeta, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Natural History 27(5): 1029-1040. [2,3,D,E,F,TMS].*

Ferraguti, M.; Ruprecht, D. 1992. The double sperm line in the tubificid Clitellio arenarius (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Bollettino di Zoologia 59(4): 349-362. [2,C,E,M,Ph,TMS].*

Ferraguti, M.; Ruprecht, D.; Erséus, C.; Giere, O. 1994. An ultrastructural overview of tubificid spermatozoa. Hydrobiologia 278: 165-178. [2,C,M,Ph,TMS].

Finogenova, N. P.; Arkhipova, N. R. 1994. Morphology of some species of the genus Aulodrilus Bretscher. Hydrobiologia 278: 7-15. [2,C,E,TMS].

Frantzen, N. M. L. H. F.; de Visser, J.; van Ness, E. H. 1994. Colonization and succession of macroinvertebrates in recently freshened Lake Volkerak-Zoom (The Netherlands). Hydrobiologia 275/276: 323-334. 2,E,F].

Gardarsson, A.; Snorrason, S. S. 1993. Sediment characteristics and density of benthos in Lake Myvatn, Iceland. Verh. internat. verein. Limnol. 25(part 1): 452-457. [2,E,F].

Gelder, S. R.; Ferraguti, M.; Subchev, M. A.1994. A description of spermatozoan ultrastructure and some anatomical characters in Branchiobdella kozarovi Subchev, 1978 (Annelida: Clitellata), and review of the spermatozoan morphology within the genus. Hydrobiologia 278: 17-26. [2,3,D,Ph,TMS].

Healy, B. 1994. New species of Marionina (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) from Spartina salt marshes on Sapelo Island, Georgia, U.S.A. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 107(1): 164-173. [2,3,D,E,F,TMS].

Healy, B.; Walters, K. 1994. Oligochaeta in Spartina stems: the microdistribution of Enchytraeidae and Tubificidae in a salt marsh, Sapelo Island, USA. Hydrobiologia 278: 111-123. [2,E,F].

Higgins, R. P.; Theil, H. (eds.). 1988. Introduction to the study of meiofauna. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 488 pp. [2,E,F,TMS].

Hobbs, H. H., III. 1992. Caves and springs. Pp. 59-131, In: Hackney, C. T.; Adams, S. M.; and Martin, W. H. eds. Biodiversity of the southeastern United States: aquatic communities. John Wiley & Sons, New York. xiii + 779 pp. ISBN 0-471-62884-0. [E,F].

Hoeger, U.; Kunz, I. 1993. Metabolic enzymes in coelomic cells (Elocytes) of the polychaete Nereis virens - sex specific changes during sexual maturation. Marine Biology 15(4): 653-660. [2,E,M,Ph].*

Jenderedjian, K. 1994. Influence of environmental factors on the production of Potamothrix alatus paravanicus Poddubnaya & Pataridze (Tubificidae) in different areas of Lake Sevan. Hydrobiologia 278: 287-290. [2,E,F,M,Ph].

Jenderedjian, K. 1994. Population dynamics of Potamothrix alatus paravanicus Poddubnaya & Pataridze (Tubificidae) in different areas of Lake Sevan. Hydrobiologia 278: 281-286. [2,E,F,M,Ph].

Johnson, R. K.; Wiederholm, T.; Eriksson, L. 1993. Classification of littoral macroinvertebrate communities of Swedish reference lakes. Verh. internat. verein. Limnol. 25(part 1): 512-517. [2,E,F,X].

Jónasson, P. M. 1993. Continental drifting - energy pathways of two contrasting rift lakes. Verh. internat. verein. Limnol. 25(part 1): 1-14. [2,E,F].

Juget, J.; Lafont, M. 1994. Distribution of Oligochaeta in some lakes and pools of Bolivia. Hydrobiologia 278: 125-127. [2,E,F].

Kent, M. L.; Whitaker, D. J.; Margolis, L. 1993. Transmission of Myxobolus articus Pugachev and Khokhlov, 1979, a myxosporean parasite of Pacific salmon, via a triactinomyxon from the aquatic oligochaete Stylodrilus heringianus (Lumbriculidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 71(6): 1207-1211. [2,E,F,M,Ph].*

Krieger, K. A.; Ross, L. S. 1993. Changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate community of the Cleveland Harbor area of Lake Erie from 1978-1989. Journal of Great Lakes Research 19(2): 237-249. [2,E,F].*

Lafont, M.; Juget, J. 1993. Rhyacodrilus ardierae n. sp., a new species of Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the River Ardieres (France, tributary of the River Saone). Bulletin de La Societé Zoologique de France - Evolution et Zoologie 118(2): 115-123. [2,3,D,E,F,TMS].*

Lang, C.; Reymond, O. 1993. Eutrophication of Lake Morat indicated by the oligochaete communities - 1980-1991 trend. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 100(1): 11-18. [2,E,F,Ph].*

Lang, C.; Reymond, O. 1993. Recovery of Lake Neuchatel (Switzerland) from eutrophication indicated by the oligochaete communities. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 128(1): 65-71. [2,E,F].*

Lanzavecchia, G.; Valvassori, R.; de Eguileor, M. 1994. Body wall muscles in oligochaetes. Hydrobiologia 278: 179-188. [2,C,M,Ph,TMS].

Lenat, D. R. 1993. A biotic index for the southeastern United States: derivation and list of tolerance values, with criteria for assigning water-quality ratings. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 12(3): 279-290. [2,E,M,Ph].

Lestochova, E. I. 1994. Influence of small river conditions on the abundance of Tubificidae. Hydrobiologia 278: 129-131. [2,E,F].

Lijklema, L. 1993. Considerations in modeling the sediment water exchange of phosphorus. Hydrobiologia 253(1-3): 219-231. [2,E,F,M,X].*

Lindegaard, C. 1994. The role of zoobenthos in energy flow in two shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia 275/276: 313-322. [2,E,F].

Lindegaard, C.; Dall, P. C.; Hansen, S. B. 1993. Natural and imposed variability in the profundal fauna of Lake Esrom, Denmark. Verh. internat. verein. Limnol. 25(part 1): 576-581. [2,E,F].

Lindegaard, C.; Hamburger, K.; Dall, P. C. 1994. Population dynamics and energy budget of Marionina southerni (Cernosvitov) (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) in the shallow littoral of Lake Esrom, Denmark. Hydrobiologia 278: 291-301. [2,E,F].

Livingston, R. J. 1992. Medium-sized rivers of the Gulf Coastal Plain. Pp. 351-385, In: Hackney, C. T.; Adams, S. M.; and Martin, W. H. eds. Biodiversity of the southeastern United States: aquatic communities. John Wiley & Sons, New York. xiii + 779 pp. ISBN 0-471-62884-0. [2,E,F].

Malakhov, V. V. 1994. Nematodes: structure, development, classification, and phylogeny. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. xiii+ 286 pp. [1,TMS].

Marchese, M. 1994. Population dynamics of Narapa bonettoi Righi and Varela, 1983 (Oligochaeta: Narapidae) from the main channel of the Middle Paran‡ River, Argentina. Hydrobiologia 278: 303-308. [2,E,F].

Marchese, M. R. 1988. New record of the blanchardi form of Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) in Argentina and its relationship to suggested synonymous species. PHYSIS (Buenos Aires), Seccion B 46(111): 55-58. [2,D,E,F,R,TMS] [corrected here from incorrect citation in 1991 nabs biblio].

Marmonier, P.; Vervier, P.; Gibert, J.; Dole-Olivier, M.-J. 1993. Biodiversity in ground waters. Tree 8(11): 392-395. [1,E,F].

Martin, A. J.; Seaby, R. M. H.; Young, J. O. 1994. Does body size difference in the leeches Glossiphonia complanata (L.) and Helobdella stagnalis (L.) contribute to coexistence? Hydrobiologia 273(2): 67-75. [2-H,2-O,E,F,Ph].

Martin, A. J.; Seaby, R. M. H.; Young, J. O. 1994. The consequence of a food refuge collapse on a guild of lake-dwelling triclads and leeches. Hydrobiologia 277(3): 187-195. [1-O,2-H,2-Tricladida,E,F].

Martin, P.; Brinkhurst, R. O. 1994. A new species of Insulodrilus (Oligochaeta, Phreodrilidae) from Lake Tanganyika (East Africa) with notes on the oligochaete fauna of the lake. Arch. Hydrobiol. 130(2): 249-256. [2,3,D,E,F,TMS].

Martin, P.; Goddeeris, B.; Martens, K. 1994. Depth distribution of oligochaetes in Lake Baikal (Siberia - Russia). Hydrobiologia 278: 151-156. [2,E,F].

Maslowski, J. 1992. Bottom macrofauna of the Szczecin Lagoon (north-western Poland). Acta Hydrobiol. 34(3): 253-274. [2,E,F].

Mastrantuono, L. 1993. Zoobenthos associated with submerged macrophytes and evaluation of trophic status in lakes. Verh. internat. verein. Limnol. 25(part 2): 780-783.[1,E].

Milbrink, G. 1993. Evidence of mutualistic interactions in freshwater oligochaete communities. Oikos 68(2): 317-322. [2,E,F,Ph].*

Milbrink, G. 1994. Oligochaetes and water pollution in two deep Norwegian lakes. Hydrobiologia 278: 213-222. [2,E,F].

Moroz, T. G. 1994. Aquatic Oligochaeta of the Dnieper-Bug Estuary system. Hydrobiologia 278: 133-138. [2,E,F].

Pasteris, A.; Bonacina, C.; Bonomi, G. 1994. Observations on cohorts of Tubifex tubifex cultured at different food levels, using cellulose substrate. Hydrobiologia 278: 315-320. [2,E,F,M,Ph].

Petridis, D. 1993. Macroinvertebrate distribution along an organic pollution gradient in Lake Lysimachia (western Greece). Archiv für Hydrobiologie 128(3): 367-384. [2,E,F].*

Purschke, G. 1993. Structure of the prostomial appendages and the central nervous system of the Protodrilida (Polychaeta). Zoomorphology 113(1): 1020. [2,C,D,E,F,M,Ph,TMS].*

Purschke, G.; Westheide, W.; Rohde, D.; Brinkhurst, R. O. 1993. Morphological reinvestigation and phylogenetic relationship of Acanthobdella peledina (Annelida, Clitellata). Zoomorphology 113(2): 91-101. [2,3,C,D,E,F,TMS].*

Radwan, S.; Zwolski, W.; Kowalik, W.; Kowalczyk, C.; Popiotek, B.; Kornijów, R. 1993. Invertebrates fauna of lakes in Polesie National Park (eastern Poland) and its protection zone. Verh. internat. verein. Limnol. 25(part 1): 671-673. [1,E].

Ram, R. N.; Gillett, J. W. 1993. Comparison of alternative models for predicting the uptake of chlorinated hydrocarbons by oligochaetes. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 26(2): 166-180. [2,E,M,Ph,X].*

Real;, M.; Prat, N.; Riera, J. L. 1993. Abundance and distribution of profundal zoobenthos in Spanish reservoirs - difference between 1973/75 and 1987/88 surveys. Water Science and Technology 28(6): 45-53. [2,E,F].*

Reddy, D, C,; Davies, R. W. 1993. Metabolic adaptations by the leech Nephelopsis obscura during long-term anoxia and recovery. Journal of Experimental Zoology 265(3): 224-230. [2,E,M,Ph].*

Reinecke, A. J.; Viljoen, S. A. 1993. Cocoon deposition by the African nightcrawler Eudrilus eugeniae (Oligochaeta). Pedobiologia 37(6): 351-356. [2,E,M,Ph,TMS].*

Reynolds, J. W. 1994. The distribution of the earthworms (Oligochaeta) of Indiana: a case for the post Quaternary introduction theory for megadrile migration in North America. Megadrilogica 5(3): 13-32. [2,E,F].

Reynoldson, T. B. 1994. A field test of a sediment bioassay with the oligochaete Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774). Hydrobiologia 278: 223-230. [2,M,Ph,X].

Richards, C.; Bacon, K. L. 1994. Influence of fine sediment on macroinvertebrate colonization of surface and hyporheic stream substrates. Great Basin Naturalist 54(2): 106-113. [1,E,F].

Rieradevall, M.; Real, M. 1994. On the distribution patterns and population dynamics of sublittoral and profundal Oligochaeta fauna from Lake Banyoles (Catalonia, NE Spain). Hydrobiologia 278: 139-149. [2,E,F].

Rodriquez, P.; Giani, N. 1994. A preliminary review of the taxonomic characters used for the systematics of the genus Trichodrilus Claparède (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae). Hydrobiologia 278: 35-51. [2,K,TMS].

Rota, E.; Healy, B.1994. The enchytraeid fauna of North Africa. Hydrobiologia 278: 53-66. [2,3,D,E,F,TMS].

Särkkä, J. 1993. Diversity of meiofauna in the lacustrine profundal zone - bathymetric differences and influence of environmental factors. Aquatic Sciences 55(3): 197-205. [2,E,F].*

Särkkä, J. 1994. Lacustrine, profundal meiobenthic oligochaetes as indicators of trophy and organic loading. Hydrobiologia 278: 231-241. [2,E,F,M].

Schmeltz, R. M. 1994. Oligochaetes of the River Rhine. Preliminary records. Hydrobiologia 278: 85-86. [2,E,F].

Sesma, V.; Dozsa-Farkas, K. 1993. Descriptions of seven new species of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) from Spain. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 39(1-4): 249-265. [2,3,D,E,F,TMS].*

Sima, P. 1993. A survey of the evolution of fundamental body constructions in relation to immunological phenomena. Pp. 27-39, In: Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [TMS].

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Sima, P. 1993. Annelid coelomocytes and hematocytes: roles in cellular immune reactions. Pp. 115-165, In: Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [Ph,TMS].

Vetvicka, V. 1993. Physiology of annelids. Pp. 41-113, In: Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [C,Ph,TMS].

Vetvicka, V. 1993. Brief comparison of vertebrate and invertebrate defense reactions. Pp. 263-279, In: Vetvicka, V.; Sima, P.; Cooper, E. L.; Bilej, M.; Roch, P. 1993. Immunology of annelids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (USA), Ann Arbor, MI (USA), London, Tokyo. 299 pp. [Ph,TMS].

Westheide, W. 1988. Polychaeta. Pp. 332-344, In: Higgins, R. P.; Theil, H. (eds.). Introduction to the study of meiofauna. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. [2,E,F,TMS].

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