NOTE TO WUB: THE FIRST 200 LINES HAVE BEEN FIXED - 400+ TO GO. 1 November 1978 version KEY TO THE ADULT HALIPLIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO 1a Pronotum with black blotch on each side of middle near posterior margin; last segment of palpi cone-shaped, as long as or longer than next to last; hind coxal plates large, only last abdominal sternite completely exposed; elytra with fine sutural striae in at least apical half. .......................................................Peltodytes Regimbart .........................................................................7a 1b Pronotum immaculate or with medial blotch anteriorly, posteriorly, or both; last segment of palpi sublate, shorter than next to last; hind coxal plates smaller, leaving last 3 abdominal sternites exposed; elytra without fine sutural striae. .........................................................................2a 2a Pronotum with sides of basal two-thirds nearly parallel; epipleura broad, extending almost to tips of elytra, which are never truncate; metasternum reaching epipleura. ...........................................................Brychius Thomson .........................................................................4a 2b Pronotum with sides widest at base, convergent anteriorly; epipleura evenly narrowed, usually ending near base of last abdominal sternite, never reaching elytral apices; episternum completely separating metasternum from epipleura. .........................................................................3a 3a Median part of prosternum and base of prosternal process forming a plateau- like elevation, at least in part angularly separated from sides of pro- sternum. .........................................................Haliplus Latreille ........................................................................25a 3b Prosternum evenly rounded from side to side, process raised above base; tiny, 1.5 to 2.5 mm long; California. ......................................................Apteraliplus Chandler ............................................Apteraliplus parvulus (Roberts) 4a Prosternal process punctate laterally; anterior angles of pronotum not produced. .........................................................................5a 4b Prosternal process not punctate laterally; anterior angles of pronotum produced; length 3.2 mm; Alberta. ...................................................Brychius albertanus Carr 5a Prosternal process coarsely punctate laterally, sides constricted just below anterior edge of front coxae; eyes pearl-like in color and luster; epipleural sides gradually convergent from base of coxae to apex of elytra .........................................................................6a 5b Prosternal process finely punctate laterally and anteriorly, sides not constricted at anterior edge of front coxae; eyes black; epipleural sides nearly parallel from hind coxae almost to tip, thence strongly to tip; length 3.75 mm; NW U.S. and SW Canada, E to Utah. ......................................................Brychius horni Crotch 6a Head densely punctate, punctures separated by one-half their width; infuscation on base of head between eyes; pronotal punctuation coarse; average size larger, 3.70 to 4.35 mm long; Michigan. ..............................................Brychius hungerfordi Spangler 6b Head less densely punctate, punctures separated at least by their width; infuscation not present on head; pronotal punctuation less coarse; average size smaller, 3.75 mm long; B. C. ....................................................Brychius pacificus Carr 7a Elytron with distinct median callosity; W U.S. and Canada. ..............................................Peltodytes callosus (LeConte) 7b Elytron without median callosity. .........................................................................8a 8a Base of head with black collar; NC and NE U.S. and SE Canada. .............................................Peltodytes edentulus (LeConte) 8b Head uniformly pale or nearly so (P. tortulosus may have an infuscate blotch on the vertex). .........................................................................9a 9a Posterior femur distinctly banded beyond margin of coxal plate. ........................................................................10a 9b Posterior femur uniformly colored beyond margin of coxal plate. ........................................................................11a 10a Elytron with a large to obscure subhumeral blotch almost on lateral margin; hind coxal plate "more" angulate; yellow band on hind femur narrow; NC and NE U.S. and SE Canada. .........................................Peltodytes duodecimpunctatus (Say) 10b Elytron without subhumeral blotch; hind coxal plate "less" angulate; yellow band on hind femur broad; NC and NE U.S. and SE Canada. ...................................................Peltodytes lengi Roberts 11a Posterior femur pale, extreme apex slightly darkened. ........................................................................12a 11b Posterior femur black or dark brown. ........................................................................14a 12a Sutural area around scutellum broadly concave; basal elytral punctures not confluent; pronotal blotches near posterior margin of pronotum usually coalesced across midline; SE U.S. .................................................Peltodytes dietrichi Young 12b Sutural area not concave; basal elytral punctures confluent; pronotal blotches near posterior margin of pronotum not coalesced across midline. ........................................................................13a 13a Brightly colored, spots distinct; hind femur yellow; 3.5 mm long; central U.S. ..............................................Peltodytes litoralis Matheson 13b Dark, spots indistinct; hump-backed; hind femur brownish-yellow; 4.5 to 5 mm long; N U.S. and Canada. ..............................................Peltodytes tortulosus Roberts 14a Elytron typically without subhumeral blotch (some P. sexmaculatus have a blotch). ........................................................................15a 14b Elytron with large to obscure subhumeral blotch. ........................................................................19a 15a Apex of prosternal process without a distinct margin, although there is a sharp juncture between posterior punctured part and smooth anterior part; California. ...............................................Peltodytes simplex (LeConte) 15b Apex of prosternal process with a distinct margin or raised carina. ........................................................................16a 16a Fourth elytral stria complete. ........................................................................17a 16b Fourth elytral stria broadly interrupted. ........................................................................18a 17a Elytron with all 11 strial rows of blackened punctures; interval between 3rd and 4th strial rows with 3 or 4 extra punctures forming a short row near base of elytron; elytron without coalesced blackened punctures basally , 5th strial row not blackened and impressed basally; 3.5 mm long or less; SW U.S. ...............................................Peltodytes dispersus Roberts 17b Elytron with only 9 strial rows of blackened punctures, the 2 lateral strial rows without dark pigment of any kind; all strial rows complete, except 4th strial row lacking 2nd puncture basally; elytron with "eyebrow- shaped" black mark basally formed by coalescense of blackened basal punctures of strial rows 1 through 4 and 1st 3 punctures of 5th strial row, punctures similarly coalesced, forming a deep groove, especially along 5th strial row; 4.5 to 5 mm long; Oregon County, Missouri. ..........................................................Peltodytes n. sp. 18a Elytral punctulation confused posterior to median sutural blotch; median sutural blotches coalescent with sutural stripe; midwest and S U.S. ...............................................Peltodytes muticus (LeConte) 18b Elytral punctulation regularly arranged into strial rows; median sutural blotches usually not coalescent with sutural stripe; E and S U.S. ............................................Peltodytes sexmaculatus Roberts 19a Sutural stripe even, not wider basally than apically; SW U.S. ................................................Peltodytes festivus Wehncke 19b Sutural stripe uneven, noticeably wider basally than apically. ........................................................................20a 20a Last abdominal sternite posteriorly longitudinally rugose. ........................................................................21a 20b Last abdominal sternite shining. ........................................................................22a 21a Posterior coxal plates rounded at apex, scarcely perceptibly angulate; first and second segments of middle tarsus of male strongly produced; E U.S. ................................................Peltodytes shermani Roberts 21b Posterior coxal plates angulate; first and second segments of middle tarsus of male thickened, but scarcely produced; Florida, Georgia. ...............................................Peltodytes oppositus Roberts 22a aedeagus toothed. ........................................................................23a 22b aedeagus not toothed. ........................................................................24a 23a parameres with apical setae; florida. ............................................Peltodytes floridensis Matheson 23b parameres without apical setae; central and SE U.S. ..................................................Peltodytes dunavani Young 24a aedeagus undulating; SE U.S. ..................................................Peltodytes bradleyi Young 24b aedeagus not undulating; central U.S. ........................................Peltodytes pedunculatus (blatchley) 25a species with basal pronotal plicae. ........................................................................26a 25b species without basal pronotal plicae. ........................................................................36a 26a apices of elytra strongly sinuate; prosternal process deeply grooved anteriorly; 3 mm long; NC and NE U.S. and SE Canada. ................................................Haliplus blanchardi Roberts 26b apices of elytra not strongly sinuate, rounded or almost subtruncate and feebly sinuate. ........................................................................27a 27a basal pronotal plicae short, less than one quarter the length measured from base of plica along plica to anterior margin of pronotum. ........................................................................28a 27b basal pronotal plicae long, more than one quarter the length measured from base of plica along plica to anterior margin of pronotum. ........................................................................29a 28a elytral maculation usually distinct, consisting of 6 black blotches in a half-ellipse enclosing a common sutural blotch; in extreme cases the maculation may almost entirely disappear; width of head between eyes less than half the total width of head; prosternal process rather deeply channelled longitudinally; ventral margin of aedeagus undulating; 2.5 to 3 mm long; n U.S., alaska, and Canada. .............................................Haliplus immaculicollis harris 28b elytra usually without black markings of any kind, strial punctures are a little darker than the ground color and occasionally some of their color extends from clusters of punctures to form indefinite brownish blotches; width of head between eyes one half or a little more than the total width of the head; prosternal process rather feebly and narrowly channelled; 3 mm long; west central U.S. and s Canada. ...............................................Haliplus robertsi zimmermann 29a elytra with blackish uninterrupted longitudinal lines formed by the close set blackened punctures, but without spots. ........................................................................30a 29b elytra with more or less definite spots, never with blackish uninterrupted lines. ........................................................................31a 30a robust, average length 3.4 mm; aedeagus of male genitalia almost l-shaped, with a distinct subapical angle dorsally; elytra of female shining; NW U.S. and Canada. ...................................................Haliplus stagninus leech 30b smaller, average length 3.0 mm; aedeagus almost l-shaped, but smoothly curved dorsally; elytra of female strongly alutaceous; NW U.S., alaska, and western and northern Canada. .................................................Haliplus strigatus Roberts 31a prosternal process evidently channelled; aedeagus of male genitalia broad, with a prominent dorsal lobe; left paramere with the hairs variable. ........................................................................32a 31b prosternal process not or very feebly channelled; aedeagus elongate, slender, without a prominent dorsal lobe; left paramere with the hairs rather sparsely placed along the ventral edge. ........................................................................34a 32a mid-metasternum not furrowed nor longitudinally impressed at sides; male protarsal claws equal; NW U.S. and w Canada. .........................................Haliplus dorsomaculatus zimmermann 32b mid-metasternum longitudinally impressed at sides; male protarsal claws unequal, anterior shorter and thicker than posterior claw. ........................................................................33a 33a aedeagus of male genitalia with a prominent dorsal lobe; 3 to 3.5 mm long; elytra of female shining, without micropunctures; SW Canada. .................................................Haliplus allisonae brigham 33b dorsal lobe of male genitalia present, but not prominent; 3.1 mm long; elytra of female dull, densely covered with micropunctures; SW Canada. .................................................Haliplus distinctus Wallis 34a margins of pronotum and elytra evidently not continuous; base of pronotum plainly wider than base of elytra; sides of pronotum wide for the genus; 3.2 mm long; SW Canada. ...................................................Haliplus hoppingi Wallis 34b margins of pronotum and elytra nearly or quite continuous; base of pronotum equal to or scarcely wider than base of elytra; side margins of pronotum narrow as usual in the genus. ........................................................................35a 35a pronotum, elytra, and venter alutaceous, giving a dull appearence; left paramere of male genitalia with hairs sparsely placed along nearly the entire ventral side, aedeagus evenly curved, not narrowed apically; 2.8 mm long; western Canada and alaska. ........................................................Haliplus falli mank 35b pronotum, elytra, and venter without microsculpturing, shining; left paramere with hairs confined to the apical third of the ventral side, aedeagus elongate, narrowed apically; 2.7 to 3 mm long; northern U.S. and Canada. ..................................................Haliplus longulus LeConte 36a prosternal process plainly to obscurely margined at sides. ........................................................................37a 36b prosternal process not at all margined at sides or at most feebly so near apex. ........................................................................59a 37a vertex with a distinct blotch or at least with a coarsely punctured infuscate area; penultimate joint of labial palpi dialated inwardly into a prominent angle; elytral apices strongly sinuate; 2.5 to 3 mm long; north central and NE U.S. and s Canada. ..................................................Haliplus borealis LeConte 37b vertex variable, but rarely marked as in 36a; penultimate joint of labial palpi not dialated; elytral apices at most feebly sinuate. ........................................................................38a 38a length 1.75 to 3 mm. ........................................................................39a 38b length 3 to 4.5 mm. ........................................................................44a 39a apices of elytra evidently though finely denticulate. ........................................................................40a 39b apices of elytra not in the least denticulate. ........................................................................41a 40a length 2.45 to 2.56 mm; right paramere of male genitalia emarginate on ventral edge below apex; elytral apices "less conspicuously" serrulate; oklahoma. ...............................................Haliplus oklahomensis Wallis 40b length 1.75 to 2.5 mm; right paramere of male genitalia usually pointed; elytral apices finely but distinctly denticulate. ....................................................Haliplus lewisii crotch 41a length 2.7 to 3 mm; pronotum without basal transverse impression; SE U.S. ...............................................Haliplus confluentus Roberts 41b length little if ever over 2.5 mm; pronotum with basal transverse impression. ........................................................................42a 42a pronotal basal impression deep and narrow; elytral maculation consisting of three distinct oblique bands; 1.98 to 2.5 mm; SE U.S. .................................................Haliplus annulatus Roberts 42b pronotal basal impression broad and flat, or feeble; elytral maculation of pale brown blotches or shades, often feeble or obsolescent. ........................................................................43a 43a head throughout quite coarsely and closely punctured, the punctures being as large or almost as large as the largest on the anterior half of the pronotum; pronotal basal impression feeble; 2.0 to 2.44 mm; central U.S. ..................................................Haliplus ohioensis Wallis 43b head throughout sparsely punctured; pronotal basal impression broad and flat; 2.3 mm; texas. ..................................................Haliplus minor zimmermann 44a prosternal ridge but little constricted between and before front coxae, nearly or quite as wide, or wider at apex than at base. ........................................................................45a 44b prosternal ridge considerably constricted between and before front coxae, evidently narrower at apex than at base. ........................................................................58a 45a anterior margin of pronotum not beaded at sides, frequently with a dark medial blotch. ........................................................................46a 45b anterior margin of pronotum beaded at sides, without a medial dark blotch. ........................................................................54a 46a mid-metasternum with a large fovea on each side of middle. ........................................................................69a 46b mid-metasternum without a large fovea on each side of middle, though usually with a longitudinal impression within the margin. ........................................................................47a 47a elytra very definitely maculate. ........................................................................48a 47b elytra almost unicolorous, with at most but slight markings. ........................................................................57a 48a trochanters of the middle legs with coarse deep punctures; 4 to 4.5 mm long; e U.S. and wisconsin. .................................................Haliplus leopardus Roberts 48b trochanters of the middle legs without or with few punctures. ........................................................................49a 49a color testaceous or fulvous; punctulation moderate; maculation of elytra not or but little confluent or strongly confluent. ........................................................................50a 49b color usually markedly ferruginous; punctulation coarse and deep; maculation of elytra usually strongly confluent. ........................................................................53a 50a aedeagus of male genitalia bent abruptly downward in apical fifth; 3 to 4.5 mm long; e of rocky mountains. ......................................................Haliplus triopsis say 50b aedeagus of male genitalia almost evenly curved from base to apex. ........................................................................51a 51a size larger, usually over 3.5 mm long; blotch on anterior margin of pronotum broad, tapering, approaching or exceeding width of base of head; metepisternal carina infuscate; e and central U.S. and Canada. ..................................................Haliplus pantherinus aube 51b size smaller, usually less than 3.25 mm long; blotch on anterior margin of pronotum square or oval, width usually less than width between eyes and never more than slightly greater than width between eyes; metepisternal carina usually the same color as the rest of the venter. ........................................................................52a 52a basal black border of elytron narrow; sutural stripe narrow, sometimes not even reaching subsutural row of small punctures; elytral blotches not or but little confluent; apex of right paramere of male genitalia broadly rounded, with a few fine setae, apical three-fifths with many fine punctures; 3 to 3.75 mm long; SW U.S. .................................................Haliplus deceptus Matheson 52b basal black border of elytra rather wide; sutural stripe frequently, though not always, attaining first row of strial punctures; elytral blotches frequently strongly confluent; apex of right paramere of male genitalia more sharply rounded, with a few strong setae, apical two-fifths with few punctures; 3 to 3.5 mm long; illinois. ..............................Haliplus variomaculatus brigham and sanderson 53a prosternal ridge very broad; male protarsal claws short; aedeagus of male genitalia strongly bent and with the dorsal compression a little nearer to the apex; 3.75 to 4 mm long; central and eastern U.S., especially southern areas, west to texas. ....................................................Haliplus punctatus aube 53b prosternal ridge somewhat less broad; male protarsal claws longer; aedeagus of male genitalia less strongly bent and with the dorsal compression a little further from the apex; 3.17 mm long; florida. ..................................................Haliplus mutchleri Wallis 54a sutural black stripe reaching first stria anterior to medial sutural blotch; some strial punctures in basal half of elytra may be darkened; elytral apices at most faintly undulate. ........................................................................56a 54b sutural black stripe not reaching first stria anterior to medial sutural blotch; strial punctures never darkened; elytral apices distinctly serrate- denticulate. ........................................................................55a 55a denticulations at apex of elytron distinct and extending to the suture; aedeagus of male genitalia short and blunt, apex evenly curved toward inner margin; 3.3 to 3.6 mm long; central and eastern U.S. and s Canada. .................................................Haliplus connexus Matheson 55b denticulations at apex of elytron becoming indistinct suturally, not reaching sutural margin; aedeagus of male genitalia slender toward apex, apex somewhat abruptly curved toward outer margin; 3.6 to 4.5 mm long; north-central U.S. ................................Haliplus tortilipenis brigham and sanderson 56a hind tibiae with a row of setigerous punctures on the inner (or upper) face ; prosternal ridge slightly constricted between middle coxae, its apex nearly the same width as its base; 4 to 4.5 mm long; NE and north-central U.S. ....................................................Haliplus fasciatus aube 56b hind tibiae without a row of setigerous punctures on the inner (or upper) face; prosternal ridge nearly evenly divergent from base to apex, its apex evidently wider than its base; 3.34 mm long; north and south carolina. ............................................Haliplus pseudofasciatus Wallis 57a pronotum finely punctate; strial punctures of first five rows confused and confluent, of remaining rows larger and quite distinctly separated; interstrial punctures numerous, crowded, and confused with those of striae; 4 mm long; california. ...................................................Haliplus rugosus Roberts 57b pronotum strongly punctate; elytral punctures of first five rows not confused; interstrial punctures small and in definite rows; 3.5 to 3.75 mm long; california. ................................................Haliplus mimeticus Matheson 58a elytra distinctly maculate with round and with longitudinal spots; 4.09 mm long; minnesota. ................................................Haliplus apostolicus Wallis 58b elytra without maculation other than the close-set blackened punctures giving a somewhat strigate appearance; 4.5 mm long; california. ...............................................Haliplus cylindricus Roberts 59a mid-metasternum deeply depressed behind the middle coxae. ........................................................................60a 59b mid-metasternum about on the same level behind as between the middle coxae, with a circular or subtriangular fovea at middle. ........................................................................63a 60a subsutural rows of interstrial punctures single; form elongate; prosternal process very feebly or not at all margined at apex; mid-metasternum not tumid between coxae, moderately deeply depressed behind, margined; 3.5 to 4 mm long; NW U.S. ..................................................Haliplus gracilis Roberts 60b subsutural rows of interstrial punctures double; form broader, as usual; prosternal process evidently margined at apex; mid-metasternum feebly to strongly tumid between coxae, not or very briefly margined. ........................................................................61a 61a color pale yellow, almost straw color; elytral spots small; 3.75 mm long; north-central U.S. and southern Canada. ....................................................Haliplus nitens LeConte 61b color darker, reddish yellow; elytral spots larger, distinct. ........................................................................62a 62a average size about 4.75 mm long; punctulation of elytral striae coarse; NE and NC U.S. and SE Canada. ................................................Haliplus cribrarius LeConte 62b average size about 3.75 mm long; punctulation of elytral striae finer; n U.S. and Canada. .................................................Haliplus canadensis Wallis 63a elytral punctures not in the least blackened, a little darker rufous than ground color; 4.3 to 4.5 mm long; SW Canada. ...........................................Haliplus vancouverensis Matheson 63b elytral punctures distinctly brownish or blackish. ........................................................................64a 64a basal row of pronotal punctures concolorous or almost concolorous with pronotum. ........................................................................65a 64b basal row of pronotal punctures blackened. ........................................................................66a 65a head very finely and sparsely punctate; elytra with a feebly brownish longitudinal medial blotch between first and second striae; fore tarsal claws of male equal in length; 3.89 mm long; SW Canada. ...............................................Haliplus columbiensis Wallis 65b head more closely and coarsely punctate; elytra immaculate; fore tarsal claws of male not quite equal in length; 3.9 mm long; SW Canada. ..................................................Haliplus ungularis Wallis 66a punctures of discal area of second and third elytral striae (the actual holes not including any cuticular darkening around them) obviously larger, even twice as large, as those at the base of the pronotum and usually as of the lateral (eighth and ninth) elytral striae; subsutural row of interstrial punctures usually irregular or partly double basally, where they are as close to one another as in the rest of the row. ........................................................................67a 66b punctures of discal area of second and third elytral striae of about the same size or even a little smaller than the punctures at the middle of the base of the pronotum, and usually as of the eighth and ninth elytral striae; subsutural row of interstrial punctures usually forming a single regular line almost throughout, those in basal area much more widely spaced than in rest of row. ........................................................................68a 67a head between the eyes one-half or a little more than one-half the total width of head including the eyes as seen from the same point; color reddish; elytra usually entirely immaculate; 4.16 mm long; alberta. ......................................................Haliplus salmo Wallis 67b head between the eyes less than one-half the total width of head including the eyes as seen from the same point; color testaceous; elytra moderately maculate to almost immaculate; 4.16 mm long; NW U.S. and w Canada. .....................................................Haliplus leechi Wallis 68a head wide between the eyes, nearly twice the width of an eye seen from the same point above; color typically ferruginous; subsutural rows of interstrial punctures almost regularly single and more widely spaced throughout, sometimes somewhat irregularly double apically; elytral strial punctures rarely joined by darker color, giving a substrigate appearance; aedeagus of male genitalia at apex a little less than two-thirds the width at middle; 3.75 to 4.25 mm long; n U.S. and s Canada. ...............................................Haliplus subguttatus Roberts 68b head narrower between the eyes, about 11/7 the width of an eye seen from the same point above; color typically testaceous; subsutural rows of interstrial punctures single basally, irregularly double and crowded apically; elytral strial punctures in some parts joined by dark color giving a substrigate appearance; aedeagus of male genitalia at apex about four-fifths the width at middle; 3.96 mm long; SW Canada. .................................................Haliplus salinarius Wallis 69a humeri of elytra asperate; 3 mm long; SW U.S. ...................................................Haliplus tumidus LeConte 69b humeri of elytra not in the least asperate; 2.5 to 3 mm long; SW U.S. ..................................................Haliplus concolor LeConte