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ReferencesHennig, W. 1973. Diptera. In: W. Kukenthal (ed.). Handbuch der Zoologie, IV: Arthropoda. de Gruyter, New York, pp. 1-337. Griffiths, G. C. D. 1972. The phylogenetic classification of Diptera Cyclorrhapha, with special reference to the structure of the male postabdomen. Ser. Entomol. 8: 1-340. McAlpine, J. F. 1989. Phylogeny and classification of the Muscomorpha. Pp. 1397-1518 in McAlpine & Wood: Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 3. Agriculture Canada Monograph 32. Oesterbroek, F. L. S. and G. Courtney. 1995. Phylogeny of the nematocerous families of Diptera (Insecta). Zool.J. Linn. Soc. 115: 267-311. Yeates, D. K. & B. M. Wiegmann 1999. Congruence and controversy: toward a higher-level phylogeny of Diptera. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 44: 397-428. Yeates, D.K. 2002. Relationships of the extant lower Brachycera (Diptera): a quantitative synthesis of morphological characters. Zool. Scripta 31: 105-121. Whiting, M. F., Carpenter, J. C., Wheeler, Q. D., and W. C. Wheeler 1997. The Strepsiptera problem: phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology. Syst. Biol. 46: 1-68.
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