Xestocephalinae
Range: Pantropical with sparse representation in temperate North America and eastern Palearctic.
Known diversity: 7 genera, 200 species.
Ecology: Largely unknown; nymphs of some Xestocephalus feed on
grass roots; Portanini occur in tropical forests.
Diagnosis: Small, usually mottled brown leafhoppers; head produced, rounded, ocelli near anterior margin distant from eyes, lateral frontal sutures extended just ventromesiad of ocelli, antennal ledges well developed; forewing venation complete; hind femur macrosetal formula 2+1+1 (Xestocephalini) or 2+2+1 (Portanini); male plates ligulate; female ovipositor often strongly arcuate.
Similar to: Aphrodinae, Deltocephalinae.