List of Vascular Plants Found at the Savanna Army Depot

Kenneth R. Robertson, Loy R. Phillippe, Geoffey A. Levin, and Michael J. Moore

Center for Biodiversity
Illinois Natural History Survey
607 East Peabody Drive
Champaign, IL 61820 USA

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Genera beginning with Q - Z are given below.

Go to A - D

Go to E - P

Annotated List of Vascular Plants at the Savanna Army Depot. Arranged alphabetically by scientific name. This list includes only species we observed during 1996, except for Polygala verticillata, which was collected in 1993 and Orobanche fasciculata (Orobanchaceae), which was last collected at the Depot in 1908 although suitable habitat is still extant. Under "Scientific Names", the authorities are omitted for brevity; they are included on the voucher specimens cited in Table 2. Under "E/T", E = State Endangered, T = State Threatened, FCC = former Federal Candidate Category 2, ND = Newly Discovered in Illinois and likely to qualify for listing as a state endangered species.

Scientific Name

Scientific Name	Common Name	Family	Native or Introduced	Frequency and Habitat	E/T
Quercus alba	White Oak	Fagaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest	--
Quercus macrocarpa	Bur Oak	Fagaceae	native	Frequent in sand forest and wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Quercus muehlenbergii	Chinquapin Oak	Fagaceae	native	Rare in sand savanna	--
Quercus palustris	Pin Oak	Fagaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Quercus rubra	Northern Red Oak	Fagaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest	--
Quercus velutina	Black Oak	Fagaceae	native	Abundant in sand forest and sand savanna. Infrequent in sand prairie	--
Ranunculus abortivus	Small-flowered Buttercup	Ranunculaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest	--
Ranunculus fascicularis	Early Buttercup	Ranunculaceae	native	Infrequent in sand prairie	--
Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus	Rough Buttercup	Ranunculaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Ranunculus pensylvanicus	Bristly Crowfoot	Ranunculaceae	native	Rare in natural sand pond	--
Ratibida pinnata	Yellow Coneflower	Asteraceae	native	Rare in succesional field	--
Rhamnus cathartica	Common Buckthorn	Rhamnaceae	introduced	Occasional in sand forest and wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Rhus aromatica var. arenaria	Sand Fragrant Sumac	Anacardiaceae	native	Frequent in sand prairie, sand savanna; infrequent in sand forest	--
Rhus aromatica var. aromatica	Fragrant Sumac	Anacardiaceae	native	Rare in sand savanna	--
Rhus glabra	Smooth Sumac	Anacardiaceae	native	Occasional in edge between sand forest and sand prairie	--
Ribes missouriense	Missouri Gooseberry	Saxifragaceae	native	Frequent in sand forest and occasional in sand savanna	--
Robinia pseudoacacia	Black Locust	Fabaceae	introduced	Frequent in sand forest and sand savanna	--
Rorippa sessiliflora	Sessile-flowered Yellow Cress	Brassicaceae	native	Infrequent in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Rorippa sylvestris	Creeping Yellow Cress	Brassicaceae	introduced	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Rosa carolina	Pasture Rose	Rosaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest, sand prairie, and sand savanna	--
Rosa multiflora	Multiflora Rose	Rosaceae	introduced	Occasional in sand forest and sand savanna	--
Rosa suffulta	Dwarf Prairie-rose	Rosaceae	native	Infrequent in margin of wet-mesic floodplain forest and sand forest	--
Rotala ramosior	Wheelwort	Lythraceae	native	Infrequent in wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Rubus allegheniensis	Common Blackberry	Rosaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest	--
Rubus argutus	Blackberry	Rosaceae	native	Occasional in sand prairie	--
Rubus flagellaris	Common Dewberry	Rosaceae	native	Occasional to frequent in sand forest and sand savanna	--
Rubus occidentalis	Black Raspberry	Rosaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest and sand savanna	--
Rudbeckia hirta	Blackeyed Susan	Asteraceae	native	Infrequent in sand prairie	--
Rudbeckia laciniata	Cutleaf Coneflower	Asteraceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Rudbeckia triloba	Three-lobed Coneflower	Asteraceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Ruellia humilis	Wild Petunia	Acanthaceae	native	Infrequent in sand savanna	--
Rumex acetosella	Sour Dock	Polygonaceae	introduced	Frequent in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Rumex altissimus	Pale Dock	Polygonaceae	native	Infrequent in developed land	--
Rumex crispus	Curly Dock	Polygonaceae	introduced	Occasional in edge of pond and wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Rumex verticillatus	Swamp Dock	Polygonaceae	native	Infrequent in wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Sagittaria latifolia	Common Arrow-head	Alismataceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Salix amygdaloides	Peach-leaved Willow	Salicaceae	native	Occasional along oxbow lake	--
Salix eriocephala	Heart-leaved Willow	Salicaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Salix exigua	Sandbar Willow	Salicaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Salix nigra	Black Willow	Salicaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Salsola collina	Katune	Chenopodiaceae	native	Infrequent in sand prairie; occasional in developed land	--
Salvia azurea subsp. pitcheri	Blue Sage	Lamiaceae	native	Locally Frequent in sand prairie and margin of sand savanna	T
Salvia azurea subsp. pitcheri f. alba	White-flowered form of Blue Sage	Lamiaceae	native	Rare in sand prairie and margin of sand savanna	(T)
Sambucus canadensis	Elderberry	Caprifoliaceae	native	Infrequent in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Sanguinaria canadensis	Bloodroot	Papaveraceae	native	Infrequent in sand forest	--
Sanicula canadensis	Canadian Black Snakeroot	Apiaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest	--
Sanicula odorata	Snakeroot	Apiaceae	native	Frequent in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Saponaria officinalis	Bouncing Bet	Caryophyllaceae	introduced	Occasional in sand forest, sand prairie, and sand savanna	--
Schizachyrium scoparium	Little Bluestem	Poaceae	native	Abundant in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Scirpus atrovirens	Dark Green Rush	Cyperaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Scirpus cyperinus	Bulrush	Cyperaceae	native	Infrequent in wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Scirpus fluviatilis	River Bulrush	Cyperaceae	native	Infrequent in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Scrophularia lanceolata	Early Figwort	Scrophulariaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest and sand savanna	--
Scutellaria lateriflora	Mad-dog Skullcap	Lamiaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Scutellaria ovata var. versicolor	Heart-leaved Skullcap	Lamiaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest and sand savanna	--
Scutellaria parvula var. leonardii	Small Skullcap	Lamiaceae	native	Occasional in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Selaginella rupestris	Dwarf Spike-moss	Selaginellaceae	native	Frequent in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Senecio plattensis	Prairie Groundsel	Asteraceae	native	Occasional in sand prairie, sand savanna, and sand forest	--
Setaria faberi	Nodding Foxtail	Poaceae	introduced	Infrequent in successional field	--
Setaria glauca	Yellow Foxtail	Poaceae	introduced	Infrequent in developed land and successional field	--
Setaria viridis	Green Foxtail	Poaceae	introduced	Infrequent in developed land	--
Sicyos angulatus	Bur-cucumber	Cucurbitaceae	native	Frequent in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Silene antirrhina	Sleepy Catchfly	Caryophyllaceae	native	Occasional in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Silene cserei	Glaucous Campion	Caryophyllaceae	introduced	Infrequent in developed land and in sand prairie	--
Silene latifolia	White Campion	Caryophyllaceae	introduced	Occasional in developed land	--
Silene nivea	Snowy Campion	Caryophyllaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Silphium perfoliatum	Cup-plant	Asteraceae	native	Occasional in wer-mesic floodplain forest	--
Sisymbrium altissimum	Tumble Mustard	Brassicaceae	introduced	Infrequent in developed land and sand prairie	--
Sisyrinchium campestre	Prairie Blue-eyed Grass	Iridaceae	native	Occasional in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Smilacina stellata	Starry False Solomon's Seal	Liliaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest	--
Smilax hispida	Bristly Catbrier	Smilacaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest and wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Smilax lasioneuron	Carrion Flower	Smilacaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest	--
Solanum carolinense	Horse Nettle	Solanaceae	introduced	Infrequent in sand prairie	--
Solanum cornutum	Buffalo-burr	Solanaceae	introduced	Infrequent in pastureland	--
Solanum ptycanthum	Black Nightshade	Solanaceae	native	Infrequent in sand forest and sand savanna	--
Solidago canadensis	Common Goldenrod	Asteraceae	native	Occasional in successional fields and wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Solidago gigantea	Smooth Goldenrod	Asteraceae	native	Frequent in wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Solidago nemoralis	Field Goldenrod	Asteraceae	native	Occasional in sand forest; sand prairie, and sand savanna	--
Solidago rigida	Stiff Goldenrod	Asteraceae	native	Infrequent in mesic sand prairie	--
Solidago speciosa	Showy Goldenrod	Asteraceae	native	Occasional in sand prairie	--
Solidago ulmifolia	Elm-leaved Goldenrod	Asteraceae	native	Occasional in sand forest	--
Sorghastrum nutans	Indian Grass	Poaceae	native	Frequent in sand prairie and occasional in sand prairie	--
Sparganium eurycarpum	Bur-reed	Sparganiaceae	native	Occasional in open wetland and along edge of Mississippi River	--
Spartina pectinata	Prairie Cordgrass	Poaceae	native	Rare in sand savanna; occasional along Mississippi River in wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Spermolepis inermis	Scaleseed	Apiaceae	native?	Occasional in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Sphenopholis obtusata var. major	Prairie Wedge Grass	Poaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest	--
Sphenopholis obtusata var. obtusata	Prairie Wedge Grass	Poaceae	native	Occasional in sand prairie	--
Spirodela polyrhiza	Greater Duckweed	Lemnaceae	native	Frequent on water of ponds and Mississippi river (aquatic)	--
Sporobolus asper	Tall Dropseed	Poaceae	native	Infrequent in sand prairie and successional field	--
Sporobolus clandestinus	Rough Dropseed	Poaceae	native	Occasional to frequent in developed land	--
Sporobolus cryptandrus	Sand Dropseed	Poaceae	native	Abundant in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Sporobolus vaginiflorus	Poverty-grass	Poaceae	native	Occasional in developed land and infrequent in sand prairie	--
Stachys hispida	Hispid Hedge-nettle	Lamiaceae	native	Infrequent in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Stachys tenuifolia	Smooth Hedge Nettle	Lamiaceae	native	Infrequent along edge of oxbow lake and in wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Stipa spartea	Needlegrass	Poaceae	native	Occasional to frequent in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Strophostyles helvola var. helvola	Trailing Wild Bean	Fabaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest, sand prairie, and sand savanna	--
Strophostyles helvola var. missouriensis	Trailing Wild Bean	Fabaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest, sand prairie, and sand savanna	--
Strophostyles leiosperma	Small Wild Bean	Fabaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest, sand prairie, and sand savanna	--
Syringa vulgaris	Common Lilac	Oleaceae	introduced	Infrequent in developed land	--
Talinum rugospermum	Fameflower	Portulacaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest, sand prairie, and sand savanna	FFC
Taraxacum officinale	Dandelion	Asteraceae	introduced	Occasional in sand forest and wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Tephrosia virginiana	Goat's-rue	Fabaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest; Occasional to frequent in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Teucrium canadense var. virginicum	Germander	Lamiaceae	native	Occasional along edge of oxbow lake and in wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Thalictrum dasycarpum	Smooth Meadow Rue	Ranunculaceae	native	Infrequent along oxbow lake and in wet-mesic bottomland forest	--
Thlaspi arvense	Penny Cress	Brassicaceae	introduced	Occasional in developed land	--
Tilia americana	Basswood	Tiliaceae	native	Infrequent in sand forest	--
Toxicodendron radicans	Poison Ivy	Anacardiaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest and sand savanna	--
Tradescantia ohiensis	Spiderwort	Commelinaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest, sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Tragopogon dubius	Sand Goat's-beard	Asteraceae	introduced	Infrequent in sand prairie	--
Trichostema brachiatum	False Pennyroyal	Lamiaceae	native	Occasional in developed land, sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Tridens flavus	Purpletop	Poaceae	native	Infrequent in developed land, sand prairie, successional fields, and wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Trifolium arvense	Rabbit-foot Clover	Fabaceae	introduced	Occasional in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Trifolium campestre	Low Hop Clover	Fabaceae	introduced	Infrequent in developed land	--
Trifolium hybridum	Alsike Clover	Fabaceae	introduced	Occasional in open disturbed wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Trifolium pratense	Red Clover	Fabaceae	introduced	Occasional in developed land	--
Trifolium repens	White Clover	Fabaceae	introduced	Occasional in developed land	--
Triodanis perfoliata var perfoliata	Venus'-Looking Glass	Campanulaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest, sand prairie, and sand savanna	--
Triplasis purpurea	Sand-grass	Poaceae	native	Occasional in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Triticum aestivum	Wheat	Poaceae	introduced	Infrequent in sand prairie	--
Typha latifolia	Common Cat-tail	Typhaceae	native	Infrequent in open disturbed wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Ulmus americana	American Elm	Ulmaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest, sand savanna, sand prairie, and wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Ulmus pumila	Siberian Elm	Ulmaceae	introduced	Infrequent in sand prairie	--
Ulmus rubra	Slippery Elm	Ulmaceae	native	Infrequent in sand forest	--
Urtica dioica	Stinging Nettle	Urticaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Vallisneria americana	Water-celery	Hydrocharitaceae	native	Occasional aquatic in Mississippi River	--
Verbascum blattaria	Moth Mullein	Scrophulariaceae	introduced	Infrequent in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Verbascum thapsus	Woolly Mullein	Scrophulariaceae	introduced	Occasional in developed land, sand forest, sand prairie, and sand savanna	--
Verbena bracteata	Creeping Vervain	Verbenaceae	native	Occasional in developed land	--
Verbena hastata	Common Vervain	Verbenaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Verbena stricta f. albiflora	White Hoary Vervain	Verbenaceae	native	Rare in sand prairie	--
Verbena stricta f. roseiflora	Pink Hoary Vervain	Verbenaceae	native	Infrequent in sand prairie	--
Verbena stricta f. stricta	Hoary Vervain	Verbenaceae	native	Occasional to locally frequent in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Verbena urticifolia	Hairy White Vervain	Verbenaceae	native	Occasional in dry mesic sand forest , sand savanna and wet-mesic bottomald forest	--
Vernonia fasciculata	Smooth Ironweed	Asteraceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Veronica arvensis	Corn Speedwell	Scrophulariaceae	introduced	Occasional in developed land and sand prairie	--
Veronica dillenii	Speedwell	Scrophulariaceae	introduced	Frequent in developed land and occasional in sand prairie	new to IL
Veronica peregrina	Purslane Speedwell	Scrophulariaceae	native	Occasional in developed land	--
Viburnum lentago	Nannyberrry	Caprifoliaceae	native	Occasional in dry upland forest	--
Viburnum opulus	European Highbush Cranberry	Caprifoliaceae	introduced	Rare in sand forest	--
Vicia villosa	Hairy Vetch	Fabaceae	introduced	Occasional in sand prairie	--
Viola pedata	Bird's-foot Violet	Violaceae	native	Frequent in sand prairie; occasional in dry and sand savanna	--
Viola pranticola	Common Blue Violet	Violaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Viola pubescens var. eriocarpa	Yellow Violet	Violaceae	native	Occasional in sand forest	--
Viola rafinesquii	Johnny-jump-up	Violaceae	introduced	Infrequent in dry upland forest	--
Viola sororia	Woolly Blue Violet	Violaceae	native	Occasional in sand savanna	--
Vitis riparia	Riverbank Grape	Vitaceae	native	Occasional in wet-mesic floodplain forest	--
Vulpia octoflora	Six-weeks Fescue	Poaceae	native	Abundant in sand prairie and sand savanna	--
Wolffia columbiana	Water-meal	Lemnaceae	native	Frequent on water of ponds and Mississippi river (aquatic)	--
Woodsia obtusa	Blunt-lobed Cliff Fern	Dryopteridaceae	native	Infrequent in sand forest	--
Zannichellia palustris	Horned Pondweed	Zannichelliaceae	native	Occasional in open pond	--
Zanthoxylum americanum	Prickly Ash	Rutaceae	native	Frequent in sand forest, sand savanna and occasional in sand prairie	--