Castalia Lamarck 1819

Species List and Synonymy

Taxonomic References: This page is essentially a draft of a type catalogue manuscript I am currently working on. The type catalogue will not include a revision of the genus, but rather be a starting point for a revision to follow. That being said, it is clear that some changes to the arrangement of Haas (1969) are warrented. Haas (1969) followed the arrangement of Simpson (1900) with little variation (Table 1). Changes I have made to the arrangement of Haas (1969) include those species which are found in northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela and Guyana). All of these changes are based on conchological characters and need further study. All changes are rearrangements of taxa Haas considered to be in Castalia except for Castalia schombergiana Sowerby, 1869 which has been removed from Castalia and placed in the synonomy of Castaliella sulcata (Krauss 1849). A complete revision will be possible only when new specimens (with soft parts and preserved tissues for genetic analysis) are available. KSC - January 1999.

Literature Cited
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1. Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819
 
Distribution: "Amazon and Rio de la Plata River systems." (Simpson 1900:864).
 
Synonymy:
Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819
Castalie, Les Nayades. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres 6(1):66-89 [343 pp. total]. [67].
Figured: Sowerby 1869, pl. 1, fig. 1.
Type Locality: Bolivia (Sowerby, 1869).
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon ambiguus (Lamarck, 1819) p. 863.
Haas 1969: Castalia ambigua Lamarck 1819 p. 535.
 
Castalia inflata var. a rotunda d'Orbigny, 1835
Synopsis terrestrium et fluviatilium molluscorum, In suo per Americam meridionalem itinere, ab. A. d'Orbigny, collectorum. Magasin de Zoologie (Paris) 6(61-62):1-44. [43].
Type Locality: Corrientes, Argentina.
Syntypes: BMNH 1854.12.4.854 (2).
Remarks: Figured in d'Orbigny 1846:598, pl. 72, figs. 4-7 as C. ambigua. A note with BMNH 1854.18.4.856 reads "figured syntype of Castalia inflata Orb. pl. 72, figs. 8, 9, 10. Mansur, 1986."
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon ambiguus (Lamarck, 1819) p. 863.
Haas 1969: Castalia ambigua Lamarck 1819 p. 535.
 
Castalia inflata var. b elongata d'Orbigny, 1835
Synopsis terrestrium et fluviatilium molluscorum, In suo per Americam meridionalem itinere, ab. A. d'Orbigny, collectorum. Magasin de Zoologie (Paris) 6(61-62):1-44. [43].
Type Locality: Chiquitos, Bolivia.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon ambiguus (Lamarck, 1819) p. 863.
Haas 1969: Castalia ambigua Lamarck 1819 p. 535.
 
Castalia turgida Hupé, 1857
Mollusques. pp. 1-103 in F. De Castelnau. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para. Paris. 103 pp + 20 plates. [76].
Figured: Pl. 14, fig. 10; Sowerby 1869, pl. 3, figs. 11 a-b.
Type Locality: Brésil [=Brazil]
Holotype: BMNH ???
Remarks: Check to see if BMNH has the type.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon ambiguus (Lamarck, 1819) p. 863.
Haas 1969: Castalia ambigua Lamarck 1819 p. 535.

Castalia hanleyana Sowerby, 1869
Monograph of the genus Castalia. in L. Reeve and G.B. Sowerby (eds.) Conchologica Iconica 17:1-6 + 3 plates. unpaginated
Figured: Pl. 1, fig. 5.
Type Locality: [unknown].
Holotype: BMNH 1900.3.19.5.
Remarks: No type locality given in the original description. Holotype by monotypy?
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon ambiguus (Lamarck, 1819) p. 864.
Haas 1969: Castalia ambigua Lamarck 1819 p. 535.

BMNH 1900.3.19.5. [locality unknown]

(HOLOTYPE of Castalia hanleyana Sowerby, 1869)


Castalia carolinensis Sowerby, 1869
Monograph of the genus Castalia. in L. Reeve and G.B. Sowerby (eds.) Conchologica Iconica 17:1-6 + 3 plates. unpaginated
Figured: Pl. 2, fig. 6.
Type Locality: South Carolina [see remarks].
Lectotype: BMNH 1841.4.6.149.
Remarks: Location obviously in error as this species is in the South American genus Castalia.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon ambiguus (Lamarck, 1819) p. 864.
Haas 1969: Castalia ambigua Lamarck 1819 p. 535.

BMNH 1841.4.6.149. South Carolina [see remarks]

(HOLOTYPE of Castalia carolinensis Sowerby, 1869)


Castalia cordata Strobel, 1874
Materiali per una malacostatica di terra e di acqua dolce dell' Argentinia Meridionale. Pisa, Editori Della Biblioteca Malacologica xvi + 79 pp. [75].
Type Locality: South Argentina.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon ambiguus (Lamarck, 1819) p. 864.
Haas 1969: Castalia ambigua Lamarck 1819 p. 535.
 
2. Castalia quadrilatera d'Orbigny, 1835
 
Distribution: "Tropical South America east of the Andes. Perhaps a form of ambiguus." (Simpson 1900:864).
 
Synonymy:
Castalia quadrilatera d'Orbigny, 1835
Synopsis terrestrium et fluviatilium molluscorum, In suo per Americam meridionalem itinere, ab. A. d'Orbigny, collectorum. Magasin de Zoologie (Paris) 6(61-62):1-44. [42].
Figured: Pl. 2, fig. 8.
Type Locality: Moxensi, Bolivia.
Lectotype: BMNH 54.9.4.2.
Paralectotypes: BMNH 1854.9.4.2/1 (figured) and BMNH 1854.9.4.2/2-7.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon quadrilaterum (d'Orbigny, 1835) p. 864.
Haas 1969: Castalia quadrilatera d'Orbigny, 1835 p. 535.

Castalia acuticosta Hupé, 1857
Mollusques. pp. 1-103 in F. De Castelnau. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para. Paris. 103 pp + 20 plates. 77
Figured: Pl. 14, fig. 3; Sowerby 1869, pl. 3, fig. 12a-b.
Type Locality: le Brésil [=Brazil].
Holotype: Paris Museum (Mansur 1991:225).
Remarks: Sowerby apparently misspelled acuticosta Hupe, 1857, as acuticostata, because he credits this species to Hupe at the end of the species account.
acuticostata is then a nomen nudem.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon quadrilaterum (d'Orbigny, 1835) p. 864.
Haas 1969: Castalia quadrilatera d'Orbigny, 1835 p. 535.

Castalia lateriquadrata Sowerby, 1869
Monograph of the genus Castalia. in L. Reeve and G.B. Sowerby (eds.) Conchologica Iconica 17:1-6 + 3 plates. unpaginated
Figured: pl. 2, fig. 10
Nomen Nudum.
Type Locality: River Amazon [Brazil].
Remarks: Sowerby apparently misspelled quadrilatera d'Orbigny, 1835, because he credits this species to d'Orbigny at the end of the species account. This name like C. multicostata is a nomen nudem.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon quadrilaterum (d'Orbigny, 1835) p. 864.
Haas 1969: Castalia quadrilatera d'Orbigny, 1835 p. 535.

Tetraplodon juruanus von Ihering, 1910
Über Brasilianische Najaden. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 32:111-140. [126].
Type Locality: Rio Juruá, Brazil.
Holotype: SMF 3790.
Remarks: Check original spelling juruana vs. juruanus. Holotype by monotypy?
Simpson 1900: not included.
Haas 1969: Castalia quadrilatera d'Orbigny, 1835 p. 535.

 

3. Castalia pectinata (Spix, 1827)
 
Distribution: Since Haas (1969:536) removed pectinata Spix 1827 from the synonomy of ambigua Lamarck 1819 the known distribution is the same as the type locality "Río São Francisco, Brazil".
 
Tetraplodon pectinatum Spix, 1827
Testacea fluviatilia quae in itinere per Brasiliam collegit. Leipzig pp. 1-36. [32].
Figured: Pl. 25, fig. 4.
Type Locality: Río São Francisco, Brazil.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon ambiguus (Lamarck, 1819) (part) p. 863.
Haas 1969: Castalia pectinata (Spix, 1827) p. 536.
 
4. Castalia cordata H. & A. Adams, 1857
 
Distribution: Guyana (Haas 1969:536).
 
Castalia cordata H. & A. Adams, 1857
The genera of recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London: John van Vorst, Paternoster Row. 2:489-511. [509].
Figured: Pl. 120, figs. 2, 2a; Sowerby 1869, pl. 2, fig. 8.
Type Locality: British Guayana [=Guyana].
Lectotype: BMNH 1965.197.
Remarks: Sowerby and H. & A. Adams credit this species to "Humphrey. MS. in Mus. Cum." Simpson 1900:864 and Haas 1969:536 credit it to H. & A. Adams. Johnson 1971:81 incorrectly attributed authorship of this species to Sowerby (1869) when in fact it was previously described by H & A. Adams in 1857. There are specimens labeled as a "Holotype" (BMNH 1965.197) and "Paratypes" (BMNH 1965.198-2) in the BMNH labeled Castalia cordata Sowerby, 1869. Both the "holotype" and "paratypes" have the same Acc. No. 1829. [The specimens in the BMNH are most likely those examined by H. & A. Adams in their description but they have never formally been designated as types. KSC 1-99].
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon quadrilaterum (d'Orbigny, 1835) p. 864.
Haas 1969: Castalia cordata H. & A. Adams, 1857 p. 536.

BMNH 1965.197. British Guayana [=Guyana]

(LECTOTYPE of Castalia cordata H. & A. Adams, 1857)

5. Castalia ovata Sowerby, 1869
 
Distribution: Brazil (Simpson 1900:864).
 
Castalia ovata Sowerby, 1869
Monograph of the genus Castalia. in L. Reeve and G.B. Sowerby (eds.) Conchologica Iconica 17:1-6 + 3 plates. unpaginated
Figured: Pl. 1, fig. 4.
Type Locality: Brazil.
Lectotype: BMNH 1964.402.
Remarks: Sowerby credited this species to "D'Orbigny. MS in Mus. D'Orb." but it was apparently never published, so the author of the name is Sowerby. "Holotype fide Johnson 1964" [what is Johnson 1964? ksc] written on label with the type.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon ovatus (Sowerby, 1869) p. 864.
Haas 1969: Castalia ovata Sowerby, 1869 p. 537.

BMNH 1964.402. Brazil

(LECTOTYPE of Castalia ovata Sowerby, 1869)

6. Castalia retusa Hupé, 1857
 
Distribution: Guyana (Simpson 1900:864).
 
Castalia retusa Hupé, 1857
Mollusques. pp. 1-103 in F. De Castelnau. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para. Paris. 103 pp + 20 plates. 75
Figured: Pl. 14, fig. 2; Sowerby 1869, pl. 1, fig. 2.
Type Locality: la Guyane [=Guyana].
Holotype: in Paris Museum according to Mansur 1991:225.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon retusus (Hupé, 1857) p. 864.
Haas 1969: Castalia retusa Hupé, 1857 p. 537.

 

7. Castalia quadrata Sowerby, 1869
 
Castalia quadrata Sowerby, 1869
Monograph of the genus Castalia. in L. Reeve and G.B. Sowerby (eds.) Conchologica Iconica 17:1-6 + 3 plates. unpaginated
Figured: Pl. 2, figs. 7 a-b.
Type Locality: [unknown].
Lectotype: BMNH 49.1.5.5.
Remarks: Guiana given as the type locality by Haas, 1969:537. "Para" is written on the wooden card holding the type from the BMNH. Lectotype or Holotype by monotypy?
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon quadratus (Sowerby, 1869) p. 864.
Haas 1969: Castalia quadrata Sowerby, 1869 p. 537.

BMNH 49.1.5.5. [locality unknown, see remarks]

(LECTOTYPE of Castalia quadrata Sowerby, 1869)

8. Castalia multisulcata Hupé, 1857
 
Distribution: Brazil (Simpson 1900:865).
 
Castalia multisulcata Hupé, 1857
Mollusques. pp. 1-103 in F. De Castelnau. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para. Paris. 103 pp + 20 plates. [75 ].
Figured: Pl. 14, fig. 4; Sowerby 1869, pl. 2, figs. 9a-b.
Type Locality: le Brésil [=Brazil].
Holotype: Paris Museum
Remarks: According to Simpson 1900:865, Sowerby listed this species as multisulcata but in fact Sowerby incorrectly used the epithet multicostata (nomen nudem) but did correctly credit the name to Hupe 1857:75.
Holotype: in Paris Museum according to Mansur 1991:225.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon multisulcatus (Hupé, 1857) p. 865.
Haas 1969: Castalia multisulcata Hupé, 1857 p. 538.

 

9. Castalia ecarinata Mousson, 1869
 
Distribution: Magdalena River, Puerto Nuevo, Department of Magdalena, Colombia (Simpson 1900:865).
 
Castalia ecarinata Mousson, 1869
Notiz über einige von Herrn Gustav Wallis aus dem nordlichen Sudamerika zuruckgebrachte Mollusken. Malakozoologische Blätter 16:170-189. [185].
Type Locality: Magdalena River, Puerto Nuevo, Department of Magdalena, Colombia.
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon ecarinatus (Mousson, 1869) p. 865.
Haas 1969: Castalia ecarinata Mousson, 1869 p. 538.

 

10. Castalia crosseana Hildago, 1865
 
Distribution: Imbabura, Ecuador (Simpson 1900:865).
 
Castalia crosseana Hidalgo, 1865
Description d'une espéce nouvelle. Journal de Conchyliologie 13:429-430 + plate 14. [429].
Figured: Pl. 14, fig. 2
Type Locality: [Rio] Imbabura, Reibublicæ Æquatorianæ [Ecuador].
Simpson 1900: Tetraplodon crosseanus (Hidalgo, 1865) p. 865
Haas 1969: Castalia crosseana Hildago, 1865 p. 539.
 
11. Castalia baro (von Ihering, 1910)
 
Tetraplodon baro von Ihering, 1910
Über Brasilianische Najaden. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 32:111-140. [127].
Holotype: SMF 3789.
Type Locality: Amazonas.
Simpson 1900: not included.
Haas 1969: Castalia baro (von Ihering, 1910) p. 539.

SMF 3789. Amazonas

(HOLOTYPE of Tetraplodon baro von Ihering, 1910)

12. Castalia stevensi (H.B. Baker, 1930)
 
Synonymy:
Tetraplodon stevensi H.B. Baker, 1930
The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan-Williamson Expedition in Venezuela. VI. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 210. 81 pp. + 7 plates. [63].
Figured: Pl. 32, fig. B; pl. 33, fig. B.
Type Locality: Rio Yuruari, [Essequibo River drainage], [Bolivar], Venezuela.
Lectotype: ANSP 125531a.
Remarks: Johnson & Baker (1973:171) incorrectly called ANSP 125531a the "holotype" when it should more accurately be called the lectotype.
Simpson 1900: not included.
Haas 1969: Castalia stevensi (H.B. Baker, 1930) p. 540.

 

Castalia orinocensis Morrison, 1943
Two new Orinoco unionids, with notes on Unio granadensis Lea and U. patulus Lea. Nautilus 57(1):14-16 + 1 plate. [14].
Figured: Figs. 1-4.
Type Locality: Rio Orinoco, Maipures, Colombia.
Holotype: USNM 522000.
Paratypes: MCZ 167992(2).
Remarks: Check locality data on the paratypes.
Simpson 1900: not included.
Haas 1969: Castalia orinocensis Morrison, 1943 p. 540.
Literature Cited
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