Please note that this checklist is being updated (during January 2008), to reflect more closely the current hierarchy, classification, and nomenclature for taxa (freshwater branchiobdellidans, oligochaetes, leeches, and terrestrial megadrile oligochaetes) included herein, and also to clean up the indentation, spacing, and annotations.

Introduction. Unless otherwise noted, all species listed here have been reported in the published literature (full citations for literature including these records are provided in the "Literature Cited" link from the navigation bar at the bottom of this page). Species preceded by a single asterisk (*) were reported by Whitley (1982) for the states of North and/or South Carolina; more specific distributional information (county, drainage, or locality data) was not provided for these species, however.

Two-letter postal code(s) following a listing indicates) the state(s) from which they have been [vis NC, SC, TN] documented in the published literature. Postal codes preceded by a question mark (?) are records thought to be valid, but need verification from the literature. Accounts for terrestrial oligochaetes followed by GRSM-JWR(1972) and/or GRSM-SWJ(2000) are Park records documented in publications by John W. Reynolds (1972) and/or Samuel W. James (2000), respectively. Additional records of earthworms occurring in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee (and a few reported from sites in the Park) are noted in Reynolds (1971, 1972, 1974, 1977a,b, 1978, 1980, 1994, 2001), Reynolds and Reeves (2004), and Reynolds et al. 1974).

Species noted with a "W" are considered to be widespread in distribution in North America, and thought likely to occur in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and surrounding states. Species noted with an "I" are considered to be non-native, introduced species.

Species noted with a "GRSM " and in bold are known to occur in the Park, with pertinent authority (citation), collector(s), and/or location underlined.

Full citations for papers referenced on this page / other pages associated with this website, and for the author(s) and date(s) associated with each of the species accounts, below, can be found via the link "Literature Cited" in the navigator bar at the bottom of this page. 

This website and list is a working document. Many specimens that have been collected, processed, and mounted from samples taken in the Park since 1999 have been sexually immature, incomplete, or otherwise unidentifiable. As time permits, I wilI be working with colleagues who have a better taxonomic expertise with some of the species (e.g., Lumbriculidae and Enchytraeidae) than I do; hopefully, many of the identification issues with these specimens can be resolved and thus be added to the list, below. Information pertaining to the distribution of aquatic as well as terrestrial oligochaetes and other annelids occurring in or adjacent to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park will be added as it becomes available, and as time permits.

P H Y L U M - A N N E L I D A

CLASS POLYCHAETA
Order Aeolosomatida

FAMILY AEOLOSOMATIDAE

Genus Aeolosoma Ehrenberg, 1828 - GRSM
     [ Rainbow Cave, Blount Co. TN, 23 Oct 1999, W.K. Reeves ]

*Aeolosoma headleyi Beddard, 1888

*Aeolosoma hemprichi Ehrenberg, 1828

*Aeolosoma leidyi Cragin, 1887

*Aeolosoma tenebrarum Vejdovsky, 1880

*Aeolosoma variegatum Vejdovsky, 1884 - W

CLASS CLITELLATA

Order Branchiobdellida Holt, 1965

The phylogeny, nomenclature, authority, date, and state distributional records for branchiobdellidans occurring in North Carolina, Tennesssee, and South Carolina that are presented in this list conform with the information recently published by Gelder et al. (2002). Although we have obtained branchiobdellidans from crayfishes collected at several sites in the Park (1999-2005), they have yet to be identified. Sites in the Park from which these branchiobdellidans have been collected are noted elsewhere on this project website (see "Site Map, Locality Information" via the navigator bar at the bottom of this page). Several branchiobdellidans also have been collected from Rainbow Cave (Blount Co., TN, 23 October 1999) by W.K. Reeves; all specimens were hosted by one crayfish specimen, Cambarus bartonii bartonii.

Subfamily Bdellodrilinae Holt, 1986

Genus Bdellodrilus Moore, 1895

Bdellodrilus illuminatus (Moore, 1894) - NC, TN

Subfamily Branchiobdellinae Goodnight, 1940

Genus Ankyrodrilus Holt, 1965

Anyrodrilus koronaeus Holt, 1965 - TN

Anyrodrilus legaeus Holt, 1965 - TN

Genus Xironogiton Ellis, 1919

Xironogiton instabilis (Moore, 1893) - NC, TN

Subfamily Cambarincolinae Goodknight, 1940 Holt, 1986

Genus Cambarincola Ellis, 1912

Cambarincola alienus Holt, 1963 - TN

Cambarincola chirocephalus Ellis, 1919 - TN

Cambarincola fallax Hoffman 1963 - NC, SC, TN

Cambarincola heterognathus Hoffman 1963 - NC, TN

Cambarincola holti Hoffman 1963 - TN

Cambarincola ingens Hoffman 1963 - NC, TN

Cambarincola heterognathus Hoffman 1963 - NC, TN

Cambarincola leptadenus Holt, 1973 - TN

Cambarincola marthae Holt, 1973 - TN

Cambarincola osceolai Hoffman 1963 - NC, SC

Cambarincola philadelphicus (Leidy, 1851) - NC, SC, TN

Cambarincola virginicus Hoffman 1963 - SC

Cambarincola vitreus Ellis, 1919 - NC, SC

Genus Ellisodrilus Holt, 1960

Ellisodrilus carronamus Holt, 1988 - TN

Ellisodrilus clitellatus Holt, 1960 - KY, TN

Genus Oedipodrilus Holt, 1967

Oedipodrilus anisognathus Holt, 1988 - TN

Oedipodrilus macbaini (Holt, 1955) - TN

Oedipodrilus oedipus Holt, 1967 - TN

Genus Pterodrilus Moore, 1895

Pterodrilus alcicornus Moore, 1894 - NC, TN

Pterodrilus annulatus Gelder, 1996 - TN

Pterodrilus cedrus Holt, 1968 - TN

Pterodrilus choritonamus Holt, 1968 - TN

Pterodrilus hobbsi Holt, 1968 - NC, TN

Pterodrilus simondsi Holt, 1968 - NC, TN

Genus Sathodrilus Holt, 1968

Sathodrilus carolinensis Holt, 1968 - SC

Genus Tettodrilus Holt, 1968

Tettodrilus friaufi Holt, 1968 - TN

Subfamily Xironodrilinae Brinkhurst & Gelder, 2001

Genus Xironodrilus Ellis, 1919

Xironodrilus bashariae Holt & Weigl, 1979 - NC

Xironodrilus formosus Ellis, 1919 - TN

Xironodrilus pulcherrimus (Moore, 1894) - NC

OLIGOCHAETOUS CLITELLATA
Superorder Microdrili
Order Lumbriculida

FAMILY LUMBRICULIDAE

Many as-yet unidentified lumbriculid specimens have been collected from several localities
within the Park [Rainbow Cave, Blount Co. TN, 23 Oct 1999, W.K. Reeves;  Laurel Creek,
Blount Co. TN, 25 Sept 1999, M.J. Wetzel & M.A. Peggy Morgan; Collins Creek, Swain Co. NC,
26 Sept 1999, M.J.Wetzel & M.A. Peggy Morgan; Ravensford Wetland area (5 sites), 21 Sept 2001,
M.J. Wetzel, M.A. Peggy Morgan, & B. Nichols]

Genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881

Eclipidrilus asymmetricus (Smith, 1896)

*Eclipidrilus daneus Cook, 1966 - SC

*Eclipidrilus palustris (Smith, 1900) - SC

Genus Kincaidiana Altman, 1936

*Kincaidiana freidris Cook, 1965

*Kincaidiana hexatheca Altman, 1936

Genus Lumbriculus Grube, 1844

*Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774)

Genus Martinidrilus Fend & Lenat, 2007

Martinidrilus arenosus Fend & Lenat, 2007 - NC

Martinidrilus carolinensis Fend & Lenat, 2007 - NC; GRSM: Forney Creek (28 April 2003)

Genus Rhynchelmis Hoffmeister, 1843

*Rhynchelmis elrodi Smith & Dickey, 1918 - ?NC

[= ?Rhynchelmis glandula Altman, 1936]

Genus Pilaridrilus Fend & Lenat, 2007

Pilaridrilus uliginosus Fend & Lenat, 2007 - NC, VA

Genus Stylodrilus Claparede, 1862

Stylodrilus wahkeenensis Rodriguez & Coates, 1996 - TN; GRSM
     Stylodrilus wahkeenensis was originally described from material collected
     from three different localities in North America - Oregon, Alabama, and
     Little River, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Sevier County, TN.
     A single specimen of Stylodrilus wahkeenensis was collected by D.L. Strayer
     on 1-2 October 1990 from the hyporheic habitat of the Little River, using a
     Bou-Rouch pump; this site is located about 1 km below the Elkmont campground
     in the Park. All specimens of this species are deposited in the Royal Ontario Museum,
     Toronto, Canada (Rodriguez and Coates 1996).

Genus Trichodrilus Claparede, 1862

Trichodrilus allegheniensis Cook, 1971 - TN

Order Haplotaxida
Suborder Haplotaxina

FAMILY HAPLOTAXIDAE

Genus Haplotaxis Hoffmeister, 1843

*Haplotaxis cf. gordioides (Hartmann, 1821) - NC, TN

[?= Haplotaxis emissarius (Forbes, 1890)];

[?= Haplotaxis forbesi Smith, 1918];

[?= Haplotaxis ichthyophagous Gates, 1971]

Order Enchytraeida
Suborder Enchytraeina
Superfamily Enchytraeoidea

FAMILY ENCHYTRAEIDAE

Genus Achaeta Vejdovsky, 1877
     Achaeta sp. [species indeterminate] - NC, TN

Genus Barbidrilus Loden & Locy, 1980
     Barbidrilus paucisetus Loden & Locy, 1980 - NC

Genus Henlea Michaelsen, 1899
     Henlea ventriculosa (d'Udekem, 1854) Welch, 1914 - NC

Order Tubificida
Suborder Tubificina
Superfamily Tubificoidea

FAMILY OPISTOCYSTIDAE

Genus Cristipellis Harman & Loden, 1978

Crustipellis tribranchiata (Harman, 1970) - NC

FAMILY NAIDIDAE *

new text here

Subfamily Naidinae

Genus Allonais Sperber, 1948
     Allonais inaequalis (Stephenson, 1911)
     Allonais pectinata (Stephenson, 1910)

Note: The status of the genus Allonais in North America was recently re-evaluated by R.D. Kathman and M.J. Wetzel [Kathman & Wetzel 2003: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116(3): 548-556]; in that paper, previous identifications of North American specimens as A. paraguayensis (Michaelsen, 1905) [including our own] were determined to be incorrect. After observation of numerous Allonais specimens, it was determined that A. paraguayensis has not yet been collected in North America, and that, based upon examination of specimens in the genus Allonais that had been collected in North America, A. pectinata is currently known only from material collected in Louisiana. All other Allonais specimens examined during this study are in fact A. inaequalis,with distributional records now reported from Florida, Louisiana, New Jersey, and Ohio.

Genus Amphichaeta Tauber, 1879

*Amphichaeta americana Chen, 1944 - NC, SC

Genus Arcteonais Piguet, 1928

*Arcteonais lomondi (Martin, 1907)

Genus Bratislavia Kosel, 1976

*Bratislavia unidentata (Harman, 1973) - NC

Genus Chaetogaster von Baer, 1827

*Chaetogaster diaphanus (Gruithuisen, 1828) - W

*Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen, 1828) - W

Chaetogaster limnaei von Baer, 1827 - W

Genus Dero Oken, 1915

*Dero (Aulophorus) flabelliger (Stephenson, 1931) - NC

*Dero (Aulophorus) furcata (Müller, 1773)

*Dero (Aulophorus) vaga (Leidy, 1880)

*Dero (Dero) digitata (Müller, 1773) - TN; W

Dero (Dero) lodeni Brinkhurst, 1986

[= Dero (Aulophorus) intermedius Loden and Harman, 1982, Freshwat. Invert. Biol. 1(1): 53;

nom. nov pro: Aulophorus pectinatus Stephenson, 1931 nec Dero pectinatus Aiyer, 1929,

vide Reynolds and Cook, 1976 - p. 153; et nec Dero intermedia Cragin, 1887, vide Reynolds

and Cook, 1976 - p. 118; >> thus, an unavailable name according to Harman in litt., 23 Sept. 1983]; the nomenclatural status of this species - as Dero lodeni - was resolved by Brinkhurst (1986, p. 253).

*Dero (Dero) nivea Aiyer, 1930 - W

*Dero (Dero) obtusa d'Udekem, 1835 - TN; W

Dero (Dero) pectinata Aiyer, 1930

*Dero (Dero) trifida Loden, 1979 - NC

Genus Haemonais Bretscher, 1900

*Haemonais waldvogeli Bretscher, 1896 - W

Genus Nais Müller, 1773

*Nais barbata Müller, 1773 - TN; W

*Nais behningi Michaelsen, 1923 - W; GRSM

         [unnamed tributary Raven Fork, and Oconaluftee River; both on

   21 Sept 2000, M.J. Wetzel, M.A. Peggy Morgan, & B. Nichols]

*Nais communis Piguet, 1906 - NC, SC, TN; W; GRSM

     [Ravensford wetland drainage ditch (2 sites); both on

21 Sept 2000, M.J. Wetzel, M.A. Peggy Morgan, B. Nichols]

Nais elinguis Müller, 1773

*Nais pardalis Piguet, 1906 - W

*Nais pseudobtusa Piguet, 1906

*Nais simplex Piguet, 1906 - GRSM
     [Laurel Creek, 25 Sept 1999, M.J. Wetzel & M.A. Peggy Morgan]

*Nais variabilis Piguet, 1906 - SC; W; GRSM

Genus Ophidonais Gervais, 1838

*Ophidonais serpentina (Müller, 1773) - W

Genus Paranais Czerniavsky, 1880

*Paranais frici Hrabe, 1941 - W; GRSM

[= Wapsa mobilis Liang, 1958]

*Paranais litoralis (Müller, 1773)

Genus Slavina Vejdovsky, 1883

*Slavina appendiculata (d'Udekem, 1855) - NC,SC; W; GRSM
     [ rock pool, "Sinks" area, 23 Mar 2000, W.K. Reeves;  Laurel Creek, 25 Sept 1999,

     M.J. Wetzel & M.A. Peggy Morgan;  Oconaluftee River, 26 Sept 1999, M.J. Wetzel & M.A. Peggy Morgan; Oconaluftee River, 21 Sept 2000, M.J. Wetzel, M.A. Peggy Morgan, & B. Nichols]

Slavina appendiculata is known Europe, North and South America, southern and eastern Asia, Africa, and New Zealand, and probably can be considered a cosmopolitan species; it is widespread in North America.

Genus Specaria Sperber, 1939

*Specaria josinae (Vejdovsky, 1883) - SC; W

Genus Stephensoniana Cernosvitov, 1938

Stephensoniana trivandrana (Aiyer, 1926)

Genus Stylaria Lamarck, 1816

*Stylaria lacustris (Linnaeus, 1767) - SC; W

[= Stylaria fossularis] Leidy, 1852)

Genus Uncinais Levinson, 1884

Uncinais uncinata (Ørsted, 1842)

Genus Vejdovskyella Michaelsen, 1903

*Vejdovskyella comata(Vejdovsky, 1883) - NC, SC; W

Subfamily Pristininae

Genus Pristina Ehrenberg, 1828

*Pristina acuminata Liang, 1958

*Pristina aequiseta Michaelsen, 1900 - GRSM, new state record for TN

     [Ravensford wetland drainage ditch (1 site), 21 Sept 2000,

M.J. Wetzel, M.A. Peggy Morgan, & B. Nichols]

[= Pristina evelinae Marcus, 1943]

[= Pristina foreli Piguet, 1906)

*Pristina bilobata (Bretscher, 1903)

*Pristina breviseta Bourne, 1891

Pristina jenkinae (Stephenson, 1931) - NC; W; GRSM
     [ Oconaluftee River, 26 Sept 1999, M.J. Wetzel & M.A. Peggy Morgan;

     Ravensford wetland drainage ditch (1 site); 21 Sept 2000,

M.J.Wetzel, M.A. Peggy Morgan, B. Nichols]

*Pristina leidyi Smith, 1896 - SC, TN; W; GRSM

     [Raven Fork, 21 Sept 2000; M.J. Wetzel, M.A. Peggy Morgan, & B. Nichols]

*Pristina notopora Cernosvitov, 1937

Pristina osborni Walton, 1906) - W; GRSM, new state record for TN

*Pristina plumaseta Turner, 1935 - W

*Pristina proboscidea Beddard, 1896

*Pristina sima Marcus, 1944

*Pristina synclites Stephenson, 1925

>>> Please Note: supression of the genus Pristinella, established by Brinkhurst (1985),
was recently suggested by Collado and Schmelz (2000) based upon their description of
two new species in the genus Pristina, and their reassessment of the morphology of Pristina
and Pristinella.

Subfamily Tubificinae

Genus Aulodrilus Bretscher, 1899

*Aulodrilus americanus Brinkhurst & Cook, 1966 - W

*Aulodrilus limnobius Bretscher, 1899 - NC, SC, TN

Aulodrilus paucichaeta Brinkhurst & Barbour, 1985 - ?NC

*Aulodrilus pigueti Kowalewski, 1914 - NC, TN; W

*Aulodrilus pluriseta (Piguet, 1906)

Genus Haber Holmquist, 1978; emended Brinkhurst, 1981

Haber speciosis (Hrabe, 1931) - SC

Genus Ilyodrilus Eisen, 1879

*Ilyodrilus templetoni (Southern, 1909) - W

Genus Isochaetides Hrabe, 1966; emmend. Brinkhurst, 1981

Isochaetides curvisetosus (Brinkhurst & Cook, 1966) - NC; W

Isochaetides freyi (Brinkhurst, 1965) - NC, TN; W

Genus Limnodrilus Claparede, 1862

*Limnodrilus cervix Brinkhurst, 1963 - W

*Limnodrilus claparedeianus Ratzel, 1868 - W

*Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede, 1862 - W; GRSM

*Limnodrilus maumeensis Brinkhurst & Cook, 1966

*Limnodrilus profundicola (Verrill, 1871)

Limnodrilus rubripenis Loden, 1977 - NC

*Limnodrilus udekemianus Claparede, 1862 - W

Genus Potamothrix Vejdovsky & Mrázek, 1902

*Potamothrix hammoniensis (Michaelsen, 1901)

*Potamothrix moldaviensis Vejdovsky & Mrázek, 1902

*Potamothrix vejdovskyi (Hrabe, 1941)

Genus Quistadrilus Brinkhurst, 1981

*Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) - W; GRSM
     [ Bunker Hill spring/seep, 28 Sept 2001; M.J. Wetzel & M.A. Peggy Morgan ]

Genus Spirosperma Eisen, 1879

Spirosperma carolinensis (Brinkhurst, 1965) - NC, SC

Spirosperma nikolskyi (Lastockin & Sokolskaya, 1953) - TN

Spirosperma ferox Eisen, 1879 - GRSM, new state record for TN

[= ?Peloscolex variegatus Leidy, 1851; sensu Brinkhurst, 1962]

[= Peloscolex oregonensis Brinkhurst, 1965]

[= Embolocephalus alaskensis Holmquist, 1979]

[= Embolocephalus confusus Holmquist, 1979]

Genus Tubifex Lamarck, 1816

*Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) - W

Genus Varichaetadrilus Brinkhurst & Kathman, 1983

*Varichaetadrilus angustipenis (Brinkhurst & Cook, 1966) - NC, TN

*Varichaetadrilus psammophilus (Loden, 1977) - TN

Notes on V. angustipenis - A Nearctic species, V. angustipenis originally was described as Limnodrilus angustipenis from material collected by J. K. Hiltunen from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron; it was assigned to the genus Varichaetadrilus by R. O. Brinkhurst in 1989. Until recenntly, this rarely collected Nearctic species was known only from Alabama, Illinois, Louisiana, Manitoba, Michigan, North Carolina, New Brunswick, New Jersey, Ohio, Ontario, and Tennessee; most of these records were based on the collection of a limited number of individuals. Over the past 13 years, I have identified V. angustipenis from numerous springs and springruns in Illinois (Webb et al. 1995; Webb et al. 1996, 1998b), from Montezuma Well in Arizona (Wetzel et al. 1999), and from resurgence springs of the Edwards Aquifer in Texas (unpublished records, INHS Annelida Collection). Kathman and Brinkhurst (1998) reported V. angustipenis from a site in California. Recently, we collected V. angustipenis from caves in Illinois and Missouri - the first report of this species from cave environments and a new record for this species from the state of Missouri (Wetzel and Taylor 2001). Numerous collections from Illinois and other states and provinces in North America has failed to yield V. angustipenis from habitats other than those associated with or influenced by groundwater. Extensive collecting in and identification of aquatic oligochaetes from other areas in North America have failed to report this species.

Subfamily Rhyacodrilinae

Genus Bothrioneurum Stolc, 1888

*Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum Stolc, 1888

Genus Branchiura Beddard, 1892

*Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 - W; I

Genus Rhizodrilus Smith, 1900

Rhizodrilus lacteus Smith, 1900 - SC

Genus Rhyacodrilus Bretscher, 1901

*Rhyacodrilus coccineus (Vejdovsky, 1875)

*Rhyacodrilus montanus (Brinkhurst, 1965)

Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879) - TN

Rhyacodrilus subterraneus Hrabe, 1963 - GRSM - new state record for NC

Order Opisthopora
Suborder Lumbricina

FAMILY GLOSSOSCOLECIDAE

Genus Pontoscolex Gates, 1974

Pontoscolex corethrurus (F.R. Müller, 1856) - SC

FAMILY KOMAREKIONIDAE

Genus Komarekiona Gates, 1974

Komarekiona eatoni Gates, 1974 - NC, TN

FAMILY LUMBRICIDAE

Genus Allolobophora Eisen, 1873

Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny, 1826) - NC, TN; I; GRSM-JWR(1972); GRSM-SWJ(2000)

Genus Allolobophoridella Mrsic, 1990

Allolobophoridella eiseni (Levinsen, 1884) - TN; I

Genus Aporrectodea Örley, 1885

Aporrectodea longa (Ude, 1885) - NC, TN; W; I

Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826) - NC, SC, TN; W; I

Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dugès, 1828) - NC, SC, TN; W; I

Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen, 1874) - NC, SC, TN; W; I

Aporrectodea turgida (Eisen, 1873) - NC, SC, TN; W; I

Genus Bimastos H. Moore, 1893

Bimastos beddardi (Michaelsen, 1891) - SC, TN

Bimastos gieseleri (Ude, 1895) - TN

Bimastos heimburgeri (Smith, 1928) - NC, SC, TN

Bimastos longicinctus (Smith & Gittins, 1915) - NC, SC, TN; GRSM-JWR(1972); GRSM-SWJ(2000)

Bimastos palustris Moore, 1895 - NC, TN

Bimastos parvus (Eisen, 1874) - NC, SC, TN

Bimastos tumidus (Eisen, 1874) - NC, SC, TN

Bimastos zeteki (Smith & Gittins, 1915) - NC, SC, TN; GRSM-JWR(1972); GRSM-SWJ(2000)

Genus Dendrobaena Eisen, 1873

Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny, 1826) - NC, SC, TN; I; GRSM-JWR(1972)

Genus Dendrodrilus Omodeo, 1956

Dendrodrilus rubidus (Savigny, 1826) - NC, SC, TN; W; I; GRSM

Several specimens of D. rubidus were collected from

Gregory's Cave, GRSM, Blount County, TN, in 1998 and

1999; these records are noted in Reeves & Reynolds (1999).

Genus Eisenia Malm, 1877

Eisenia fetida [foetida] Savigny, 1826 - SC; W; I

Genus Eiseniella Michaelsen, 1900

Eiseniella tetraedra (Savigny, 1826) - NC, TN; W; I

Genus Eisenoides Gates, 1969

Eisenoides carolinensis (Michaelsen, 1910) - NC, SC, TN; GRSM-SWJ(2000)

Eisenoides lönnbergi (Michaelsen, 1894) - NC, SC, TN

Genus Lumbricus Linnaeus, 1758

Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister, 1843 - NC, SC; W; I

Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 - NC, SC; W; I

Genus Murchieona Gates, 1978

Murchieona muldali (Omodeo, 1956) - TN; I

Genus Octolasion Örley, 1885

Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny, 1826) - NC, SC, TN; W; IGRSM-JWR(1972)

Octolasion tyrtaeum Hoffmeister, 1843 - NC, SC, TN; W; I; GRSM-JWR(1972)

Superfamily Megascolecoidea

FAMILY ACANTHODRILIDAE

Genus Diplocardia Garman, 1888

Diplocardia bivesculata Murchie, 1961- SC

Diplocardia caroliniana Eisen, 1898 - NC, TN

Diplocardia communis Garman, 1888 - NC

Diplocardia eiseni (Michaelsen, 1894) - SC

Diplocardia farmvillensis Gates, 1977 - NC

Diplocardia gatesi Murchie, 1965 - NC

Diplocardia gracilis Gates, 1943 - TN

Diplocardia longa Moore, 1905 - NC

Diplocardia michaelseni Eisen, 1899 - NC, SC, TN

Diplocardia ornata Gates, 1943 - TN

Diplocardia singularis (Ude, 1893) - NC, SC, TN; GRSM-JWR(1972); GRSM-SWJ(2000)

Diplocardia udei (Eisen, 1899) - NC, SC, TN

Diplocardia verrucosa Ude, 1985 - TN

Genus Microscolex Rosa, 1887

Microscolex dubius (Fletcher, 1887) - NC, SC, TN

Microscolex phosphoreus (Duges, 1837) - NC, TN

[= Microscolex hempeli Smith, 1896]

FAMILY MEGASCOLECIDAE

Genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867

Amynthas agrestis (Goto & Hatai, 1899) - NC, SC, TN; I

Amynthas diffringens (Baird, 1869) - NC, SC, TN; I; GRSM-JWR(1972) [as Pheretima diffringens]

Amynthas hawayanus (Rosa, 1891) - NC, SC, TN; I

Amynthas hilgendorfi (Michaelsen, 1892) - SC, TN; I

Amynthas hupeiensis (Michaelsen, 1895) - NC, SC, TN; I

Amynthas minimus (Horst, 1893) - NC, SC; I

Genus Metaphire Sims and Easton, 1972

Metaphire levis (Horst, 1893) - NC, TN; I

Superfamily Ocnerodriloidea

FAMILY OCNERODRILIDAE

Genus Eukerria Michaelsen, 1835

Eukerria saltensis (Beddard, 1892) - NC, SC; I

Superfamily Sparganophiloidea

FAMILY SPARGANOPHILIDAE

Genus Sparganophilus Benham, 1892

Sparganophilus eiseni Smith, 1895 - NC, SC; W; GRSM-SWJ2K

Sparganophilus helenae Reynolds, 1980 - NC, SC

Sparganophilus komareki Reynolds, 1980 - SC

Sparganophilus kristinae Reynolds, 1980 - NC, SC

Sparganophilus pearsei Reynolds, 1975 - NC

Sparganophilus pearsei libertiensis Reynolds, 1980 - NC, SC

Sparganophilus tennesseensis Reynolds, 1977 - NC, SC

SUBCLASS HIRUDINIDA
Order Rhynchobdellida

[Note: Distributional records for leeches in North Carolina and/or Tennessee (below) were taken from Klemm (1985, 1995). As I mentioned above, Don Klemm and Bill Moser are the primary systematists focusing on the leech fauna of the Park, conducting surveys in September 2000, April 2002, and again in 2003). At the annual DLIA / ATBI conference in Gatlinburg TN (5-7 December 2002), Bill reported that 8 species of leeches are now known to occur in the Park.] Don Klemm and Bill Moser currently are preparing a guide to the Hirudinea of the southeastern United States that will include a discussion of the leeches occurring in the Park.

FAMILY GLOSSIPHONIIDAE

Genus Actinobdella Moore, 1901

Actinobdella pediculata (Hemingway, 1908) - TN

Genus Alboglossiphonia Luken, 1976

Alboglossiphonia heteroclita (Linnaeus, 1761) - NC

Genus Desserobdella Barta & Sawyer, 1990

Desserobdella phalera (Graf, 1899) 1901 - NC

Desserobdella picta (Verrill, 1872) 1901 - NC

Genus Gloiobdella Ringuelet, 1978

Gloiobdella elongata (Castle, 1900) - NC, TN

Genus Helobdella R. Blanchard, 1896

Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) - NC, TN

Helobdella triserialis (E. Blanchard, 1849) - NC, TN

Genus Oligobdella Moore, 1900

Oligobdella biannulata (Moore, 1918) - NC, TN, GSMNP
see Moser et al. 2005.

! ! This species is rarely encountered; may be host specific for

desmognathine salamanders from the montane regions of the

Carolinas (Sawyer & Shelley, 1976). The life history, known salamander hosts (D. marmoratus, D. monticola, D. ochrophaeus, D. orestes, D. quadramaculatus) and distribution of this species in the southeastern United States (currently restricted to the Southern Blue Ridge Physiographic Zone) was recently presented by Moser et al. (2005).

Genus Placobdella R. Blanchard, 1893

Placobdella montifera Moore, 1906 - NC, TN

Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 - NC, TN

Placobdella nuchalis Sawyer and Shelley 1976 - NC, TN

Placobdella ornata (Verrill, 1872) - TN

Placobdella papillifera (Verrill, 1872) - NC

Placobdella parasitica (Say, 1824) ) - NC, TN

Placobdella translucens (Sawyer & Shelley, 1976) - NC

FAMILY PISCICOLIDAE

Genus Myzobdella Leidy, 1851

Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851 - NC, TN

Genus Piscicola de Blainville, 1818

Piscicola punctata (Verrill, 1871) - TN

Genus Piscicolaria Whitman, 1889

Piscicolaria reducta Meyer, 1940 - TN

Order Arhynchobdellida

FAMILY HAEMOPIDAE

Genus Haemopis Savigny, 1822

Haemopis marmorata (Say, 1824) - NC, TN

Haemopis terrestris (Forbes, 1890) - TN

Haemopis septagon Sawyer & Shelley, 1976 - NC

FAMILY HIRUDINIDAE

Genus Macrobdella Verrill, 1872

Macrobdella decora (Say, 1824) - NC, TN

Macrobdella ditetra Moore, 1953 - NC

Genus Philobdella Verrill, 1874

Philobdella gracilis Moore, 1901 - NC

FAMILY ERPOBDELLIDAE

Genus Erpobdella de Blainville, 1818

Erpobdella punctata (Leidy, 1870) - NC, TN

Genus Mooreobdella Pawlowski, 1955

Mooreobdella melanostoma Sawyer & Shelley, 1976- NC

Mooreobdella tetragon Sawyer & Shelley, 1976 - NC